[Les intermittencies comme transition vers la turbulence dans des tuyaux : Une longue tradition, de Reynolds au XXIe siècle]
Les intermittencies sont communément observées en mécanique des fluides et, plus particulièrement, dans les écoulements dans des conduites cylindriques. Initialement obervées par Reynolds en 1883, il a fallu un siècle pour parvenir à une compréhension plutôt complète de ce phénomène dont la dynamique irrégulière (apparemment stochastique) déconcerta les hydrodynamiciens durant plusieurs décades. Par cette brève revue (non exhaustive), essentiellement focalisée sur la caractérisation expérimentale de cette transition entre régimes laminaire et turbulent, nous présentons quelques contributions clés ayant conduit à mettre en évidence les deux processus concomittants et antagonistes impliqués et qui avaient déjà été suggérés par Reynolds. Il est également montré qu'un modèle explicatif clair fut proposé, sur la base de la théorie des systèmes dynamiques non linéaires, les observations expérimentales en mécanique des fluides ayant servi uniquement d'exemple, et ce en raison de son caractère générique évident.
Intermittencies are commonly observed in fluid mechanics, and particularly, in pipe flows. Initially observed by Reynolds (1883), it took one century for reaching a rather full understanding of this phenomenon whose irregular dynamics (apparently stochastic) puzzled hydrodynamicists for decades. In this brief (non-exhaustive) review, mostly focused on the experimental characterization of this transition between laminar and turbulent regimes, we present some key contributions for evidencing the two concomittant and antagonist processes that are involved in this complex transition and were suggested by Reynolds. It is also shown that a clear explicative model was provided, based on the nonlinear dynamical systems theory, the experimental observations in fluid mechanics only providing an applied example, due to its obvious generic nature.
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Mot clés : Écoulement dans les conduites cylindriques, Régime laminaire, Turbulence, Intermittences, Coefficient de frottement
@article{CRMECA_2017__345_9_642_0,
author = {Christophe Letellier},
title = {Intermittency as a transition to turbulence in pipes: {A} long tradition from {Reynolds} to the 21st century},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. M\'ecanique},
pages = {642--659},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {345},
number = {9},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1016/j.crme.2017.06.004},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Christophe Letellier TI - Intermittency as a transition to turbulence in pipes: A long tradition from Reynolds to the 21st century JO - Comptes Rendus. Mécanique PY - 2017 SP - 642 EP - 659 VL - 345 IS - 9 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crme.2017.06.004 LA - en ID - CRMECA_2017__345_9_642_0 ER -
Christophe Letellier. Intermittency as a transition to turbulence in pipes: A long tradition from Reynolds to the 21st century. Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Volume 345 (2017) no. 9, pp. 642-659. doi : 10.1016/j.crme.2017.06.004. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/mecanique/articles/10.1016/j.crme.2017.06.004/
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