Nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles

Joachim Curtius

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2006.10.018

Nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles
[Nucléation de nouvelles particules dans l'atmosphère]

Joachim Curtius ¹

¹ Institute for Atmospheric Physics, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Nucleation, Volume 7 (2006) no. 9-10, pp. 1027-1045.

Résumé
Abstract

Une fraction significative du nombre total de particules présentes dans l'atmosphère est formée initialement par nucléation homogène à partir de la phase gazeuse. La nucléation binaire de l'acide sulfurique et de l'eau, la nucléation ternaire de l'acide sulfurique, de l'eau et de l'ammoniac, enfin la nucléation induite par les ions, sont vraisemblablement les processus de nucléation les plus importants dans le contexte des aérosols atmosphériques. Au cours des vingt dernières années, l'amélioration considérable des instruments de mesure a permis de nombreuses observations et caractérisations de la nucléation y compris la quantification du taux de nucléation, la caractérisation de la croissance et les premières caractérisations des nanoparticules dès leur formation. La nucléation a été observée en différents points de l'atmosphère : dans la couche limite, dans la troposphère libre, dans des zones éloignées de toute pollution, dans les zones côtières, dans les forêts boréales comme dans les zones urbaines et leurs panaches de pollution. Dans la plupart des cas, il est suggéré que l'acide sulfurique gazeux est le gaz précurseur essentiel. Après la nucléation, d'autres substances, notamment des composés organiques à basse pression de vapeur saturante, jouent souvent un rôle dans la croissance des aérosols. Les oxydes d'iode semblent responsables de la nucléation observée dans certaines zones côtières. De récents progrès théoriques permettent désormais un traitement cinétique du processus de nucléation, basé sur les caractéristiques thermochimiques mesurées de la formation des agrégats moléculaires. Cette approche représente une amélioration considérable par rapport au traitement classique de la nucléation.

Il est nécessaire de comprendre en détail les mécanismes de nucléation des aérosols atmosphériques, car les particules fraîchement formées influent directement sur la concentration et la distribution en tailles des aérosols atmosphériques. La formation des nuages et les précipitations en sont affectées, influençant le climat. Les émissions anthropiques influent fortement sur les processus de nucléation.

Malgré des efforts de recherche de grande envergure, il reste des incohérences substantielles, les études de laboratoire restant en désaccord avec les modélisations comme avec les observations sur le terrain. Quelques questions cruciales restent à résoudre en ce qui concerne la possibilité de prédire la nucléation atmosphérique de façon générale, en ce qui concerne les substances jouant un rôle dans la nucléation, puis dans la croissance, et en ce qui concerne la taille et la composition de l'agrégat critique.

A significant fraction of the total number of particles present in the atmosphere is formed originally by nucleation from the gas phase. Binary nucleation of sulphuric acid and water, ternary nucleation of sulphuric acid, water and ammonia and ion-induced nucleation are thought to be the most important aerosol nucleation processes in the atmosphere. Within the last two decades, instrumentation to observe and characterize nucleation has improved greatly and numerous observations of nucleation have been made including quantification of the nucleation rate, characterization of the growth process and first chemical characterizations of the freshly formed particles. Nucleation has been observed at many different places in the atmosphere: in the boundary layer, in the free troposphere, in remote locations, in coastal areas, in boreal forests as well as urban areas and pollution plumes. In most cases gaseous sulphuric acid is assumed to be the key precursor gas. After nucleation, other supersaturated substances, especially low vapour pressure organics often take part in the subsequent aerosol growth. Iodine oxides seem to be responsible for nucleation observed in some coastal areas.

Recent advances in modelling allow for a kinetic treatment of the nucleation process based on measured thermochemical data for the cluster formation. Considerable improvement over the classical nucleation treatment is expected from this approach.

A detailed understanding of atmospheric aerosol nucleation processes is needed as the freshly formed particles directly influence the number concentration and size distribution of the atmospheric aerosol. The formation of clouds and precipitation is affected and influences on climate are anticipated. Anthropogenic emissions influence atmospheric aerosol nucleation processes considerably.

Despite the comprehensive research efforts, substantial inconsistencies remain and conflicting results of laboratory studies, model studies as well as atmospheric observations persist. Several key questions about the predictability of atmospheric nucleation in general, about the substances, that take part in nucleation and subsequent growth and about the size and composition of the critical cluster, have not been resolved so far.

Publié le : 2006-11-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2006.10.018

Keywords: Aerosol, Nucleation, Particles, Clusters, Atmosphere, Overview, Review
Mots-clés : Aérosols, Nucléation, Particules, Clusters, Atmosphère

Affiliations des auteurs :

Joachim Curtius ¹

¹ Institute for Atmospheric Physics, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany

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Joachim Curtius. Nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Nucleation, Volume 7 (2006) no. 9-10, pp. 1027-1045. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2006.10.018. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2006.10.018/

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Felix Wrana; Terry Deshler; Christian Löns; Larry W. Thomason; Christian von Savigny Spatiotemporal variations of stratospheric aerosol size between 2002 and 2005 from measurements with SAGE III/M3M, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 25 (2025) no. 6, p. 3717 | DOI:10.5194/acp-25-3717-2025
Joseph Gregory Z. Cabinta; Earl Adrian D. R. Hans; Roosevelt T. Tabag; Johnrob Y. Bantang; Ricky B. Nellas Cluster Structure and Ordering in the Nucleation and Growth of Binary Molecular Mixtures, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2025) | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c00430
Andreas Aktypis; Christos Kaltsonoudis; David Patoulias; Panayiotis Kalkavouras; Angeliki Matrali; Christina N. Vasilakopoulou; Evangelia Kostenidou; Kalliopi Florou; Nikos Kalivitis; Aikaterini Bougiatioti; Konstantinos Eleftheriadis; Stergios Vratolis; Maria I. Gini; Athanasios Kouras; Constantini Samara; Mihalis Lazaridis; Sofia-Eirini Chatoutsidou; Nikolaos Mihalopoulos; Spyros N. Pandis Significant spatial gradients in new particle formation frequency in Greece during summer, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 24 (2024) no. 1, p. 65 | DOI:10.5194/acp-24-65-2024
Dhyani Vadgama; Rohit Srivastava; Satyam Shinde Computational Study of the Formation of Atmospheric Aerosol Precursors Under Ambient Conditions: A Case Study of the Interaction Between Sea Salt, Water, and Sulfuric Acid Molecules, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, Volume 124 (2024) no. 20 | DOI:10.1002/qua.27489
Xuemeng Chen; Juha Kangasluoma; Jakub Kubečka; Ivo Neefjes; Hanna Vehkamäki; Markku Kulmala; Amirreza Tootchi; Farah Mubas Sirah; Leyan Hua; Carlos Larriba-Andaluz; Heikki Junninen On the dependence of electrical mobility on temperature, humidity and structure of alkylammonium ions, Journal of Aerosol Science, Volume 179 (2024), p. 106353 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2024.106353
Nidhi Tripathi; Imran A. Girach; Sobhan Kumar Kompalli; Vishnu Murari; Prabha R. Nair; S. Suresh Babu; Lokesh Kumar Sahu Sources and Distribution of Light NMHCs in the Marine Boundary Layer of the Northern Indian Ocean During Winter: Implications to Aerosol Formation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Volume 129 (2024) no. 3 | DOI:10.1029/2023jd039433
Christos Xenofontos; Matthias Kohl; Samuel Ruhl; João Almeida; Hannah M. Beckmann; Lucía Caudillo-Plath; Sebastian Ehrhart; Kristina Höhler; Milin Kaniyodical Sebastian; Weimeng Kong; Felix Kunkler; Antti Onnela; Pedro Rato; Douglas M. Russell; Mario Simon; Leander Stark; Nsikanabasi Silas Umo; Gabriela R. Unfer; Boxing Yang; Wenjuan Yu; Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek; Imad Zgheib; Zhensen Zheng; Joachim Curtius; Neil M. Donahue; Imad El Haddad; Richard C. Flagan; Hamish Gordon; Hartwig Harder; Xu-Cheng He; Jasper Kirkby; Markku Kulmala; Ottmar Möhler; Mira L. Pöhlker; Siegfried Schobesberger; Rainer Volkamer; Mingyi Wang; Stephan Borrmann; Andrea Pozzer; Jos Lelieveld; Theodoros Christoudias The impact of ammonia on particle formation in the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Volume 7 (2024) no. 1 | DOI:10.1038/s41612-024-00758-3
Matthias Kohl; Jos Lelieveld; Sourangsu Chowdhury; Sebastian Ehrhart; Disha Sharma; Yafang Cheng; Sachchida Nand Tripathi; Mathew Sebastian; Govindan Pandithurai; Hongli Wang; Andrea Pozzer Numerical simulation and evaluation of global ultrafine particle concentrations at the Earth's surface, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 23 (2023) no. 20, p. 13191 | DOI:10.5194/acp-23-13191-2023
Rishu Agarwal; Shankar G. Aggarwal A year-round study of ambient gaseous pollutants, their atmospheric chemistry and role in secondary particle formation at an urban site in Delhi, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 295 (2023), p. 119557 | DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119557
Mamun Mandal; Robert Popek; Arkadiusz Przybysz; Anamika Roy; Sujit Das; Abhijit Sarkar Breathing Fresh Air in the City: Implementing Avenue Trees as a Sustainable Solution to Reduce Particulate Pollution in Urban Agglomerations, Plants, Volume 12 (2023) no. 7, p. 1545 | DOI:10.3390/plants12071545
Jost Heintzenberg; Michel Legrand; Yuan Gao; Keiichiro Hara; Shan Huang; Ruhi S. Humphries; Adarsh K. Kamra; Melita D. Keywood; Sergey M. Sakerin Spatio-Temporal Distributions of the Natural Non-Sea-Salt Aerosol Over the Southern Ocean and Coastal Antarctica and Its Potential Source Regions, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Volume 75 (2023) no. 1, p. 47 | DOI:10.16993/tellusb.1869
Eun-Jung Park; Mi-Jin Yang; Min-Sung Kang; Young-Min Jo; Cheolho Yoon; Yunseo Lee; Dong-Wan Kim; Gwang-Hee Lee; Ik-Hwan Kwon; Jin-Bae Kim Subchronic pulmonary toxicity of ambient particles containing cement production–related elements, Toxicology Reports, Volume 11 (2023), p. 116 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.07.002
Fatemeh Yazdipour; Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh; Mohammadmahdi Kamyabi; Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh On Solvent Losses in Amine Absorption Columns, ACS Sustainable Chemistry Engineering, Volume 10 (2022) no. 34, p. 11154 | DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02179
Wenjiao Zhang; Jiajie Wu; Yanli Wang Growth Mechanism of Chromium Carbide Coating on Porous Carbon Paper, Crystal Research and Technology, Volume 57 (2022) no. 10 | DOI:10.1002/crat.202200075
Muhammad Azher Hassan; Tariq Mehmood; Ehtisham Lodhi; Muhammad Bilal; Afzal Ahmed Dar; Junjie Liu Lockdown Amid COVID-19 Ascendancy over Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution Anomaly, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 19 (2022) no. 20, p. 13540 | DOI:10.3390/ijerph192013540
Yun-Chung Lee; Jia-Yang Juang Single-step process for transparent conductive ZnO:Ga films with uniform ultrahigh haze by oblique angle deposition, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Volume 42 (2022) no. 7, p. 3234 | DOI:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.028
Edvinas Krugly; Oleh Pitak; Darius Ciuzas; Martynas Tichonovas; Inga Stasiulaitiene; Tadas Prasauskas; Linas Kliucininkas; Dainius Martuzevicius Removal of VOCs from wood processing ventilation air by advanced oxidation gas-to-particle prototype system, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Volume 161 (2022), p. 520 | DOI:10.1016/j.psep.2022.03.043
Fan Mei; Steven Spielman; Susanne Hering; Jian Wang; Mikhail S. Pekour; Gregory Lewis; Beat Schmid; Jason Tomlinson; Maynard Havlicek Simulation-aided characterization of a versatile water-based condensation particle counter for atmospheric airborne research, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Volume 14 (2021) no. 11, p. 7329 | DOI:10.5194/amt-14-7329-2021
Christoph Köhn; Martin Bødker Enghoff; Henrik Svensmark Stochastic effects in H2SO4-H2O cluster growth, Aerosol Science and Technology, Volume 54 (2020) no. 9, p. 1007 | DOI:10.1080/02786826.2020.1755012
Umberto Rizza; Eleonora Brega; Maria Teresa Caccamo; Giuseppe Castorina; Mauro Morichetti; Gianmarco Munaò; Giorgio Passerini; Salvatore Magazù Analysis of the ETNA 2015 Eruption Using WRF–Chem Model and Satellite Observations, Atmosphere, Volume 11 (2020) no. 11, p. 1168 | DOI:10.3390/atmos11111168
Sobhan Kumar Kompalli; Vijayakumar S. Nair; V. Jayachandran; Mukunda M. Gogoi; S. Suresh Babu Particle number size distributions and new particle formation events over the northern Indian Ocean during continental outflow, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 238 (2020), p. 117719 | DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117719
Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Atmospheric Multiphase Chemistry (2020), p. 415 | DOI:10.1002/9781119422419.ch7
Chenghang Zheng; Hao Zheng; Jiali Shen; Wenchao Gao; Zhengda Yang; Zhongyang Zhao; Yifan Wang; Hao Zhang; Xiang Gao Evolution of Condensable Fine Particle Size Distribution in Simulated Flue Gas by External Regulation for Growth Enhancement, Environmental Science Technology, Volume 54 (2020) no. 7, p. 3840 | DOI:10.1021/acs.est.9b06569
S. L. Kesav Unnithan; L. Gnanappazham Spatiotemporal mixed effects modeling for the estimation of PM2.5from MODIS AOD over the Indian subcontinent, GIScience Remote Sensing, Volume 57 (2020) no. 2, p. 159 | DOI:10.1080/15481603.2020.1712101
Patrick Augustin; Sylvain Billet; Suzanne Crumeyrolle; Karine Deboudt; Elsa Dieudonné; Pascal Flament; Marc Fourmentin; Sarah Guilbaud; Benjamin Hanoune; Yann Landkocz; Clémence Méausoone; Sayahnya Roy; François G. Schmitt; Alexei Sentchev; Anton Sokolov Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments, Remote Sensing, Volume 12 (2020) no. 4, p. 648 | DOI:10.3390/rs12040648
Emily Burrell; Tapas Kar; Jaron C. Hansen Computational Study of the Thermodynamics of New Particle Formation Initiated by Complexes of H2SO4–H2O–NHx, CH3SO3H–H2O–NHx, and HO2–H2O–NHx, ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Volume 3 (2019) no. 8, p. 1415 | DOI:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00120
Valeria Ojeda-Castillo; Sergio Alonso-Romero; Leonel Hernández- Mena; Paz Elizabeth Álvarez-Chávez; Jorge del Real-Olvera Air Pollution in an Urban Area of Mexico: Sources of Emission (Vehicular, Natural, Industrial, and Brick Production), Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles (2019) | DOI:10.5772/intechopen.80000
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Davidson Martins Moreira; Cassia Aparecida Gobeti dos Santos New approach to handle gas-particle transformation in air pollution modelling using fractional derivatives, Atmospheric Pollution Research, Volume 10 (2019) no. 5, p. 1577 | DOI:10.1016/j.apr.2019.05.006
Fawaz Hrahsheh Nucleation rates of water using Adjusted SAFT-0 EOS, Fluid Phase Equilibria, Volume 501 (2019), p. 112272 | DOI:10.1016/j.fluid.2019.112272
Maurizio Manigrasso; Carmela Protano; Stefano Martellucci; Vincenzo Mattei; Matteo Vitali; Pasquale Avino Evaluation of the Submicron Particles Distribution Between Mountain and Urban Site: Contribution of the Transportation for Defining Environmental and Human Health Issues, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 16 (2019) no. 8, p. 1339 | DOI:10.3390/ijerph16081339
Shan‐Hu Lee; Hamish Gordon; Huan Yu; Katrianne Lehtipalo; Ryan Haley; Yixin Li; Renyi Zhang New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Volume 124 (2019) no. 13, p. 7098 | DOI:10.1029/2018jd029356
Manuel F. Ruiz-López; Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa; Josep M. Anglada; Joseph S. Francisco A New Mechanism of Acid Rain Generation from HOSO at the Air–Water Interface, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 141 (2019) no. 42, p. 16564 | DOI:10.1021/jacs.9b07912
Anna Troiani; Chiara Salvitti; Giulia de Petris Gas-Phase Reactivity of Carbonate Ions with Sulfur Dioxide: an Experimental Study of Clusters Reactions, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Volume 30 (2019) no. 10, p. 1964 | DOI:10.1007/s13361-019-02228-0
Ari Setyan; Pascal Flament; Nadine Locoge; Karine Deboudt; Véronique Riffault; Laurent Y. Alleman; Coralie Schoemaecker; Jovanna Arndt; Patrick Augustin; Robert M. Healy; John C. Wenger; Fabrice Cazier; Hervé Delbarre; Dorothée Dewaele; Pascale Dewalle; Marc Fourmentin; Paul Genevray; Cyril Gengembre; Thierry Leonardis; Hélène Marris; Saliou Mbengue Investigation on the near-field evolution of industrial plumes from metalworking activities, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 668 (2019), p. 443 | DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.399
Maja Tomicic; Martin Bødker Enghoff; Henrik Svensmark Experimental study of H2SO4 aerosol nucleation at high ionization levels, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 18 (2018) no. 8, p. 5921 | DOI:10.5194/acp-18-5921-2018
Veli-Matti Kerminen; Xuemeng Chen; Ville Vakkari; Tuukka Petäjä; Markku Kulmala; Federico Bianchi Atmospheric new particle formation and growth: review of field observations, Environmental Research Letters, Volume 13 (2018) no. 10, p. 103003 | DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/aadf3c
Tingting Wei; Meng Tang Biological effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure on pulmonary immune system, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 60 (2018), p. 195 | DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.004
Christoph Köhn; Martin Bødker Enghoff; Henrik Svensmark A 3D particle Monte Carlo approach to studying nucleation, Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 363 (2018), p. 30 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcp.2018.02.032
Qian Zhang; Jenny P. S. Wong; Aika Y. Davis; Marilyn S. Black; Rodney J. Weber Characterization of particle emissions from consumer fused deposition modeling 3D printers, Aerosol Science and Technology, Volume 51 (2017) no. 11, p. 1275 | DOI:10.1080/02786826.2017.1342029
Tinja Olenius; Ilona Riipinen Molecular-resolution simulations of new particle formation: Evaluation of common assumptions made in describing nucleation in aerosol dynamics models, Aerosol Science and Technology, Volume 51 (2017) no. 4, p. 397 | DOI:10.1080/02786826.2016.1262530
Rohan Jayaratne; Buddhi Pushpawela; Congrong He; Hui Li; Jian Gao; Fahe Chai; Lidia Morawska Observations of particles at their formation sizes in Beijing, China, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 17 (2017) no. 14, p. 8825 | DOI:10.5194/acp-17-8825-2017
Carlos Iván Falcon-Rodriguez; Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz; Irma Aurora Rosas-Pérez; Álvaro Román Osornio-Vargas; Patricia Segura-Medina Inhalation of concentrated PM2.5 from Mexico City acts as an adjuvant in a guinea pig model of allergic asthma, Environmental Pollution, Volume 228 (2017), p. 474 | DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.050
Carlos Iván Falcón-Rodríguez; Irma Rosas-Pérez; Patricia Segura-Medina Relación de los mecanismos inmunológicos del asma y la contaminación ambiental, Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, Volume 65 (2017) no. 2, p. 333 | DOI:10.15446/revfacmed.v65n2.59954
José Pérez-Díaz; Ognyan Ivanov; Zahary Peshev; Marco Álvarez-Valenzuela; Ignacio Valiente-Blanco; Tsvetina Evgenieva; Tanja Dreischuh; Orlin Gueorguiev; Peter Todorov; Ashok Vaseashta Fogs: Physical Basis, Characteristic Properties, and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health, Water, Volume 9 (2017) no. 10, p. 807 | DOI:10.3390/w9100807
C. Reche; X. Querol; A. Alastuey; M. Viana; J. Pey; T. Moreno; S. Rodríguez; Y. González; R. Fernández-Camacho; A. M. Sánchez De La Campa; J. De La Rosa; M. Dall’osto; A. S. H. Prévôt; C. Hueglin; R. M. Harrison; P. Quincey Chapter 10 New Considerations for PM, Black Carbon, and Particle Number Concentration for Air Quality Monitoring Across Different European Cities, Air Quality (2016), p. 177 | DOI:10.1201/9781315366074-11
Carlos I. Falcon-Rodriguez; Alvaro R. Osornio-Vargas; Isabel Sada-Ovalle; Patricia Segura-Medina Aeroparticles, Composition, and Lung Diseases, Frontiers in Immunology, Volume 7 (2016) | DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00003
E. Rohan Jayaratne; Buddhi Pushpawela; Lidia Morawska Temporal evolution of charged and neutral nanoparticle concentrations during atmospheric new particle formation events and its implications for ion-induced nucleation, Frontiers of Environmental Science Engineering, Volume 10 (2016) no. 5 | DOI:10.1007/s11783-016-0862-x
Dayana M. Agudelo-Castañeda; Elba C. Teixeira; Ismael L. Schneider; Felipe N. Pereira; Marcos L.S. Oliveira; Silvio R. Taffarel; Janaína L. Sehn; Claudete G. Ramos; Luis F.O. Silva Potential utilization for the evaluation of particulate and gaseous pollutants at an urban site near a major highway, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 543 (2016), p. 161 | DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.030
S. Suresh Babu; Sobhan Kumar Kompalli; K. Krishna Moorthy Aerosol number size distributions over a coastal semi urban location: Seasonal changes and ultrafine particle bursts, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 563-564 (2016), p. 351 | DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.246
D. James Donaldson; Jay A. Kroll; Veronica Vaida Gas-phase hydrolysis of triplet SO2: A possible direct route to atmospheric acid formation, Scientific Reports, Volume 6 (2016) no. 1 | DOI:10.1038/srep30000
Kurt Binder; Peter Virnau Overview: Understanding nucleation phenomena from simulations of lattice gas models, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 145 (2016) no. 21 | DOI:10.1063/1.4959235
Mihalis Lazaridis; Norbert Serfozo; Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou; Thodoros Glytsos New particle formation events arising from painting materials in an indoor microenvironment, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 102 (2015), p. 86 | DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.048
U. Lohmann AEROSOLS | Aerosol–Cloud Interactions and Their Radiative Forcing, Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (2015), p. 17 | DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-382225-3.00052-9
E. R. Jayaratne; S. Clifford; L. Morawska Atmospheric Visibility and PM10 as Indicators of New Particle Formation in an Urban Environment, Environmental Science Technology, Volume 49 (2015) no. 21, p. 12751 | DOI:10.1021/acs.est.5b01851
Chen Cai; Seehua Tan; Hongnan Chen; Jiabi Ma; Yang Wang; Jonathan P. Reid; Yunhong Zhang Slow water transport in MgSO4 aerosol droplets at gel-forming relative humidities, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Volume 17 (2015) no. 44, p. 29753 | DOI:10.1039/c5cp05181a
S. Suresh Babu; K. Krishna Moorthy The formation and growth of ultrafine particles in two contrasting environments: a case study, Annales Geophysicae, Volume 32 (2014) no. 7, p. 817 | DOI:10.5194/angeo-32-817-2014
X. H. Liu; Y. J. Zhu; M. Zheng; H. W. Gao; X. H. Yao Production and growth of new particles during two cruise campaigns in the marginal seas of China, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 14 (2014) no. 15, p. 7941 | DOI:10.5194/acp-14-7941-2014
L. Rondo; A. Kürten; S. Ehrhart; S. Schobesberger; A. Franchin; H. Junninen; T. Petäjä; M. Sipilä; D. R. Worsnop; J. Curtius Effect of ions on the measurement of sulfuric acid in the CLOUD experiment at CERN, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Volume 7 (2014) no. 11, p. 3849 | DOI:10.5194/amt-7-3849-2014
Benjamin J. Block; Suam Kim; Peter Virnau; Kurt Binder Anisotropic interfacial tension, contact angles, and line tensions: A graphics-processing-unit-based Monte Carlo study of the Ising model, Physical Review E, Volume 90 (2014) no. 6 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.90.062106
Fabian Schmitz; Peter Virnau; Kurt Binder Determination of the Origin and Magnitude of Logarithmic Finite-Size Effects on Interfacial Tension: Role of Interfacial Fluctuations and Domain Breathing, Physical Review Letters, Volume 112 (2014) no. 12 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.112.125701
Manas Ghosh Nucleation of charged droplets; an ion-atmosphere model, RSC Adv., Volume 4 (2014) no. 85, p. 45275 | DOI:10.1039/c4ra05409a
Julia H. Lehman; W. Carl Lineberger Visible spectrum photofragmentation of O3−(H2O)n, n ≤ 16, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 141 (2014) no. 15 | DOI:10.1063/1.4898373
Asghar Sepehri; Sepideh Amjad-Iranagh; Karim Golzar; Hamid Modarress Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of water vapor: A comparison using molecular dynamics simulation, Chemical Physics, Volume 423 (2013), p. 135 | DOI:10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.07.005
Florian Mandija; Floran Vila Simplified classification of atmospheric charged particles, Journal of Electrostatics, Volume 71 (2013) no. 4, p. 781 | DOI:10.1016/j.elstat.2012.12.029
Tov Elperin; Andrew Fominykh; Boris Krasovitov Rain scavenging of soluble gases by non-evaporating and evaporating droplets from inhomogeneous atmosphere, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, Volume 122 (2013) no. 3-4, p. 215 | DOI:10.1007/s00703-013-0283-3
Fabian Schmitz; Peter Virnau; Kurt Binder Monte Carlo tests of nucleation concepts in the lattice gas model, Physical Review E, Volume 87 (2013) no. 5 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.87.053302
M. B. Enghoff; N. Bork; S. Hattori; C. Meusinger; M. Nakagawa; J. O. P. Pedersen; S. Danielache; Y. Ueno; M. S. Johnson; N. Yoshida; H. Svensmark An isotopic analysis of ionising radiation as a source of sulphuric acid, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 12 (2012) no. 12, p. 5319 | DOI:10.5194/acp-12-5319-2012
F. Riccobono; L. Rondo; M. Sipilä; P. Barmet; J. Curtius; J. Dommen; M. Ehn; S. Ehrhart; M. Kulmala; A. Kürten; J. Mikkilä; P. Paasonen; T. Petäjä; E. Weingartner; U. Baltensperger Contribution of sulfuric acid and oxidized organic compounds to particle formation and growth, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 12 (2012) no. 20, p. 9427 | DOI:10.5194/acp-12-9427-2012
Kiminori Ono; Miki Yanaka; Sho Tanaka; Yasuhiro Saito; Hideyuki Aoki; Okiteru Fukuda; Takayuki Aoki; Togo Yamaguchi Influence of furnace temperature and residence time on configurations of carbon black, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 200-202 (2012), p. 541 | DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.061
Renyi Zhang; Alexei Khalizov; Lin Wang; Min Hu; Wen Xu Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere, Chemical Reviews, Volume 112 (2012) no. 3, p. 1957 | DOI:10.1021/cr2001756
Zouhaier S. Zidi On the stability of ion water clusters at atmospheric conditions: Open system Monte Carlo simulation, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 137 (2012) no. 12 | DOI:10.1063/1.4754528
A. Bruno; C. de Lisio; M. Iuorio; P. Minutolo Diffusivity in water and fluorescence properties of organic nanoparticles produced in flames, Applied Physics B, Volume 102 (2011) no. 4, p. 711 | DOI:10.1007/s00340-011-4459-6
F. Fierli; E. Orlandi; K. S. Law; C. Cagnazzo; F. Cairo; C. Schiller; S. Borrmann; G. Di Donfrancesco; F. Ravegnani; C. M. Volk Impact of deep convection in the tropical tropopause layer in West Africa: in-situ observations and mesoscale modelling, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 11 (2011) no. 1, p. 201 | DOI:10.5194/acp-11-201-2011
C. Reche; X. Querol; A. Alastuey; M. Viana; J. Pey; T. Moreno; S. Rodríguez; Y. González; R. Fernández-Camacho; J. de la Rosa; M. Dall'Osto; A. S. H. Prévôt; C. Hueglin; R. M. Harrison; P. Quincey New considerations for PM, Black Carbon and particle number concentration for air quality monitoring across different European cities, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 11 (2011) no. 13, p. 6207 | DOI:10.5194/acp-11-6207-2011
R. Weigel; S. Borrmann; J. Kazil; A. Minikin; A. Stohl; J. C. Wilson; J. M. Reeves; D. Kunkel; M. de Reus; W. Frey; E. R. Lovejoy; C. M. Volk; S. Viciani; F. D'Amato; C. Schiller; T. Peter; H. Schlager; F. Cairo; K. S. Law; G. N. Shur; G. V. Belyaev; J. Curtius In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 11 (2011) no. 18, p. 9983 | DOI:10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011
A. Kürten; L. Rondo; S. Ehrhart; J. Curtius Performance of a corona ion source for measurement of sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Volume 4 (2011) no. 3, p. 437 | DOI:10.5194/amt-4-437-2011
Martin B. Enghoff; Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen; Ulrik I. Uggerhøj; Sean M. Paling; Henrik Svensmark Aerosol nucleation induced by a high energy particle beam, Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 38 (2011) no. 9 | DOI:10.1029/2011gl047036
Aare Luts; Tiia-Ene Parts; Urmas Hõrrak; Heikki Junninen; Markku Kulmala Composition of negative air ions as a function of ion age and selected trace gases: Mass- and mobility distribution, Journal of Aerosol Science, Volume 42 (2011) no. 11, p. 820 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.07.007
Kurt Binder; Benjamin Block; Subir K. Das; Peter Virnau; David Winter Monte Carlo Methods for Estimating Interfacial Free Energies and Line Tensions, Journal of Statistical Physics, Volume 144 (2011) no. 3, p. 690 | DOI:10.1007/s10955-011-0226-7
Prashant Kumar; Alan Robins; Sotiris Vardoulakis; Rex Britter A review of the characteristics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere and the prospects for developing regulatory controls, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 44 (2010) no. 39, p. 5035 | DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.016
U. Dusek; G. P. Frank; J. Curtius; F. Drewnick; J. Schneider; A. Kürten; D. Rose; M. O. Andreae; S. Borrmann; U. Pöschl Enhanced organic mass fraction and decreased hygroscopicity of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) during new particle formation events, Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 37 (2010) no. 3 | DOI:10.1029/2009gl040930
M. Tokushige; T. Nishikiori; Y. Ito Formation of Fine Ni Nanoparticle by Plasma-Induced Cathodic Discharge Electrolysis Using Rotating Disk Anode, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Volume 157 (2010) no. 10, p. E162 | DOI:10.1149/1.3468833
Axel Metzger; Bart Verheggen; Josef Dommen; Jonathan Duplissy; Andre S. H. Prevot; Ernest Weingartner; Ilona Riipinen; Markku Kulmala; Dominick V. Spracklen; Kenneth S. Carslaw; Urs Baltensperger Evidence for the role of organics in aerosol particle formation under atmospheric conditions, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 107 (2010) no. 15, p. 6646 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.0911330107
M. Tokushige; T. Nishikiori; Y. Ito Plasma-induced cathodic discharge electrolysis to form various metal/alloy nanoparticles, Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, Volume 46 (2010) no. 6, p. 619 | DOI:10.1134/s1023193510060042
Muhammad Miftahul Munir; Asep Suhendi; Takashi Ogi; Ferry Iskandar; Kikuo Okuyama Experimental evaluation of the pressure and temperature dependence of ion-induced nucleation, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 133 (2010) no. 12 | DOI:10.1063/1.3490354
Hossein Saghafifar; Andreas Kürten; Joachim Curtius; Sarah-Lena von der Weiden; Smaeyl Hassanzadeh; Stephan Borrmann Characterization of a Modified Expansion Condensation Particle Counter for Detection of Nanometer-Sized Particles, Aerosol Science and Technology, Volume 43 (2009) no. 8, p. 767 | DOI:10.1080/02786820902922894
M. de Reus; S. Borrmann; A. Bansemer; A. J. Heymsfield; R. Weigel; C. Schiller; V. Mitev; W. Frey; D. Kunkel; A. Kürten; J. Curtius; N. M. Sitnikov; A. Ulanovsky; F. Ravegnani Evidence for ice particles in the tropical stratosphere from in-situ measurements, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 9 (2009) no. 18, p. 6775 | DOI:10.5194/acp-9-6775-2009
J. F. Mejía; L. Morawska An investigation of nucleation events in a coastal urban environment in the Southern Hemisphere, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 9 (2009) no. 20, p. 7877 | DOI:10.5194/acp-9-7877-2009
Prashant Kumar; Paul S. Fennell; Allan N. Hayhurst; Rex E. Britter Street Versus Rooftop Level Concentrations of Fine Particles in a Cambridge Street Canyon, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Volume 131 (2009) no. 1, p. 3 | DOI:10.1007/s10546-008-9300-3
M. Tokushige; T. Yamanaka; A. Matsuura; T. Nishikiori; Y. Ito Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles (Fe and FePt) by Plasma-Induced Cathodic Discharge Electrolysis, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 37 (2009) no. 7, p. 1156 | DOI:10.1109/tps.2009.2015228
Manabu Tokushige; Tokujiro Nishikiori; Yasuhiko Ito Synthesis of Ni nanoparticles by plasma-induced cathodic discharge electrolysis, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 39 (2009) no. 10, p. 1665 | DOI:10.1007/s10800-009-9856-8
Jadran Vrabec; Martin Horsch; Hans Hasse Molecular Dynamics Based Analysis of Nucleation and Surface Energy of Droplets in Supersaturated Vapors of Methane and Ethane, Journal of Heat Transfer, Volume 131 (2009) no. 4 | DOI:10.1115/1.3072909
David Winter; Peter Virnau; Kurt Binder Heterogeneous nucleation at a wall near a wetting transition: a Monte Carlo test of the classical theory, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Volume 21 (2009) no. 46, p. 464118 | DOI:10.1088/0953-8984/21/46/464118
David Winter; Peter Virnau; K. Binder Monte Carlo Test of the Classical Theory for Heterogeneous Nucleation Barriers, Physical Review Letters, Volume 103 (2009) no. 22 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.103.225703
M. Sipilä; K. Lehtipalo; M. Kulmala; T. Petäjä; H. Junninen; P. P. Aalto; H. E. Manninen; E.-M. Kyrö; E. Asmi; I. Riipinen; J. Curtius; A. Kürten; S. Borrmann; C. D. O'Dowd Applicability of condensation particle counters to measure atmospheric clusters, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8 (2008) no. 14, p. 4049 | DOI:10.5194/acp-8-4049-2008
M. B. Enghoff; H. Svensmark The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8 (2008) no. 16, p. 4911 | DOI:10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008
N. Hock; J. Schneider; S. Borrmann; A. Römpp; G. Moortgat; T. Franze; C. Schauer; U. Pöschl; C. Plass-Dülmer; H. Berresheim Rural continental aerosol properties and processes observed during the Hohenpeissenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment (HAZE2002), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 8 (2008) no. 3, p. 603 | DOI:10.5194/acp-8-603-2008
Jan Kazil; R. Giles Harrison; Edward R. Lovejoy Tropospheric New Particle Formation and the Role of Ions, Planetary Atmospheric Electricity, Volume 30 (2008), p. 241 | DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-87664-1_15
Jan Kazil; R. Giles Harrison; Edward R. Lovejoy Tropospheric New Particle Formation and the Role of Ions, Space Science Reviews, Volume 137 (2008) no. 1-4, p. 241 | DOI:10.1007/s11214-008-9388-2
Zhao-ke Chen; Xiang Xiong; Bai-yun Huang; Guo-dong Li; Feng Zheng; Peng Xiao; Hong-bo Zhang; Jian Yin Phase composition and morphology of TaC coating on carbon fibers by chemical vapor infiltration, Thin Solid Films, Volume 516 (2008) no. 23, p. 8248 | DOI:10.1016/j.tsf.2008.03.016

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