Comptes Rendus
no. 6
Living Fluids/Fluides vivants
Active suspensions and their nonlinear models
[Les suspensions actives et leurs modèles non linéaires]
David Saintillan1  ; Michael J. Shelley2
1 Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
2 Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Living fluids / Fluides vivants, Volume 14 (2013) no. 6, pp. 497-517.

Les suspensions actives, telles que les suspensions de micro-organismes auto-propulsés ou autres nageurs microscopiques artificiels, sont connues pour leur dynamique complexe et la formation de motifs en raison dʼinteractions hydrodynamiques. Nous résumons dans cet article les dernières avancées dans la modélisation de ces systèmes à lʼaide de théories cinétiques continues. Dans un premier temps, nous développons un modèle cinétique élémentaire pour une suspension de particules auto-propulsées alongées et considérons sa stabilité et sa dynamique non linéaire. Nous présentons ensuite des extensions de ce modèle pour analyser la rhéologie effective des suspensions actives en écoulement externe, lʼeffet des interactions stériques dans les systémes à forte concentration et la dynamique de suspensions chimiotactiques dans des champs chimiques.

Active suspensions, such as suspensions of self-propelled microorganisms and related synthetic microswimmers, are known to undergo complex dynamics and pattern formation as a result of hydrodynamic interactions. In this review, we summarize recent efforts to model these systems using continuum kinetic theories. We first derive a basic kinetic model for a suspension of self-propelled rodlike particles and discuss its stability and nonlinear dynamics. We then present extensions of this model to analyze the effective rheology of active suspensions in external flows, the effect of steric interactions in concentrated systems, and the dynamics of chemotactically responsive suspensions in chemical fields.

Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.001
Keywords: Active suspension, Kinetic theory, Swimming microorganisms, Hydrodynamic interactions, Instability
Mots-clés : Suspension active, Théorie cinétique, Micro-organismes nageants, Interactions hydrodynamiques, Instabilité

David Saintillan 1 ; Michael J. Shelley 2

1 Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
2 Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA 
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David Saintillan; Michael J. Shelley. Active suspensions and their nonlinear models. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Living fluids / Fluides vivants, Volume 14 (2013) no. 6, pp. 497-517. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.001/

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  • Larbi Zakaria; Faïçal Larachi; Abdelwahid Azzi Nanoparticle and scalar mixing of magnetic colloids in microchannels—Prevalence of Kelvin body force over spin-up flow, Chemical Engineering Science, Volume 310 (2025), p. 121547 | DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2025.121547
  • Amir Nourhani Biomimetic swarm of active particles with coupled passive-active interactions, Soft Matter (2025) | DOI:10.1039/d4sm01298d
  • Michael te Vrugt; Raphael Wittkowski Metareview: a survey of active matter reviews, The European Physical Journal E, Volume 48 (2025) no. 2 | DOI:10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00466-z
  • Saptorshi Ghosh; Aparna Baskaran; Michael F. Hagan Achieving designed texture and flows in bulk active nematics using optimal control theory, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 162 (2025) no. 13 | DOI:10.1063/5.0244046
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  • Dóra Bárdfalvy; Viktor Škultéty; Cesare Nardini; Alexander Morozov; Joakim Stenhammar Collective motion in a sheet of microswimmers, Communications Physics, Volume 7 (2024) no. 1 | DOI:10.1038/s42005-024-01587-9
  • Henning Reinken Introduction, Controlling Mesoscale Turbulence (2024), p. 1 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-67636-9_1
  • Henning Reinken Derivation of a Continuum Theory for Polar Active Fluids, Controlling Mesoscale Turbulence (2024), p. 61 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-67636-9_3
  • Elio Espejo Analysis of a model describing bacterial colony expansion in radial geometry driven by chemotaxis, European Journal of Applied Mathematics (2024), p. 1 | DOI:10.1017/s0956792524000809
  • Leonid Berlyand; Hai Chi; Mykhailo Potomkin; Nung Kwan Yip Dynamics and steady state of squirmer motion in liquid crystal, European Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 35 (2024) no. 2, p. 225 | DOI:10.1017/s0956792523000177
  • Suryanarayana Maddu; Scott Weady; Michael J. Shelley Learning fast, accurate, and stable closures of a kinetic theory of an active fluid, Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 504 (2024), p. 112869 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcp.2024.112869
  • M.P. Dalwadi; C. Moreau; E.A. Gaffney; K. Ishimoto; B.J. Walker Generalised Jeffery's equations for rapidly spinning particles. Part 1. Spheroids, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 979 (2024) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2023.923
  • Viktor Škultéty; Dóra Bárdfalvy; Joakim Stenhammar; Cesare Nardini; Alexander Morozov Hydrodynamic instabilities in a two-dimensional sheet of microswimmers embedded in a three-dimensional fluid, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 980 (2024) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2023.985
  • Mingyang Guan; Weiquan Jiang; Luoyi Tao; Guoqian Chen; Joseph H.W. Lee Migration of confined micro-swimmers subject to anisotropic diffusion, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 985 (2024) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2024.349
  • Scott Weady Variational bounds and nonlinear stability of an active nematic suspension, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 988 (2024) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2024.401
  • Prathmesh Vinze; Sebastien Michelin Self-organization of autophoretic suspensions in confined shear flows, Physical Review Fluids, Volume 9 (2024) no. 1 | DOI:10.1103/physrevfluids.9.014202
  • Michael J. Shelley Flows, self-organization, and transport in living cells, Physical Review Fluids, Volume 9 (2024) no. 12 | DOI:10.1103/physrevfluids.9.120501
  • Ryan R. Keogh; Timofey Kozhukhov; Kristian Thijssen; Tyler N. Shendruk Active Darcy’s Law, Physical Review Letters, Volume 132 (2024) no. 18 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.132.188301
  • Johannes Flommersfeld; Stefan Stöberl; Omar Shah; Joachim O. Rädler; Chase P. Broedersz Geometry-Sensitive Protrusion Growth Directs Confined Cell Migration, Physical Review Letters, Volume 132 (2024) no. 9 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.132.098401
  • Filippo De Luca; Ivan Maryshev; Erwin Frey Supramolecular Assemblies in Active Motor-Filament Systems: Micelles, Bilayers, and Foams, Physical Review X, Volume 14 (2024) no. 3 | DOI:10.1103/physrevx.14.031031
  • Brato Chakrabarti; Manas Rachh; Stanislav Y. Shvartsman; Michael J. Shelley Cytoplasmic stirring by active carpets, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121 (2024) no. 30 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2405114121
  • Dominik Sturm; Suryanarayana Maddu; Ivo F. Sbalzarini Learning locally dominant force balances in active particle systems, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 480 (2024) no. 2304 | DOI:10.1098/rspa.2023.0532
  • Roee Bashan; Naomi Oppenheimer Hydrodynamically induced aggregation of two dimensional oriented active particles, Soft Matter, Volume 20 (2024) no. 19, p. 3901 | DOI:10.1039/d3sm01670f
  • Wan Luo; Aparna Baskaran; Robert A. Pelcovits; Thomas R. Powers Flow states of two dimensional active gels driven by external shear, Soft Matter, Volume 20 (2024) no. 4, p. 738 | DOI:10.1039/d3sm00919j
  • Titus Quah; Kevin J. Modica; James B. Rawlings; Sho C. Takatori Model predictive control of non-interacting active Brownian particles, Soft Matter, Volume 20 (2024) no. 43, p. 8581 | DOI:10.1039/d4sm00902a
  • Cayce Fylling; Joshua Tamayo; Arvind Gopinath; Maxime Theillard Multi-population dissolution in confined active fluids, Soft Matter, Volume 20 (2024) no. 7, p. 1392 | DOI:10.1039/d3sm01196h
  • Samane Fazeli; Alireza Sahab; Ali Moarefianpur A novel robust adaptive control for nonlinear uncertain quarter-vehicle suspension system in presence of unknown time delay actuation, Systems Science Control Engineering, Volume 12 (2024) no. 1 | DOI:10.1080/21642583.2023.2293907
  • Saverio E. Spagnolie; Patrick T. Underhill Swimming in Complex Fluids, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 14 (2023) no. 1, p. 381 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040821-112149
  • Kenta Ishimoto A Multiscale Numerical Simulation of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Bacterial Turbulence Using a Regularized Stokeslet Representation, Gas Dynamics with Applications in Industry and Life Sciences, Volume 429 (2023), p. 215 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-35871-5_11
  • Zineb Boulaaras; Abdelaziz Aouiche; Kheireddine Chafaa Approval of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Models to Solve Problems in Nonlinear Active Suspension Systems, Handbook of Research on AI and Machine Learning Applications in Customer Support and Analytics (2023), p. 128 | DOI:10.4018/978-1-6684-7105-0.ch008
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  • Nishanth Murugan; Anubhab Roy Instability of a thin film of chemotactic active suspension, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 955 (2023) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2022.1063
  • Mingyang Guan; Weiquan Jiang; Bohan Wang; Li Zeng; Zhi Li; Guoqian Chen Pre-asymptotic dispersion of active particles through a vertical pipe: the origin of hydrodynamic focusing, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 962 (2023) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2023.273
  • Smitha Maretvadakethope; Andrew L. Hazel; Bakhti Vasiev; Rachel N. Bearon The interplay between bulk flow and boundary conditions on the distribution of microswimmers in channel flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 976 (2023) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2023.897
  • Kenta Ishimoto Jeffery’s Orbits and Microswimmers in Flows: A Theoretical Review, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Volume 92 (2023) no. 6 | DOI:10.7566/jpsj.92.062001
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  • Hamza Issa; Giovanniantonio Natale; Gilles Ausias; Julien Férec Modeling and numerical simulations of Brownian rodlike particles with anisotropic translational diffusion, Physical Review Fluids, Volume 8 (2023) no. 3 | DOI:10.1103/physrevfluids.8.033302
  • Brato Chakrabarti; Michael J. Shelley; Sebastian Fürthauer Collective Motion and Pattern Formation in Phase-Synchronizing Active Fluids, Physical Review Letters, Volume 130 (2023) no. 12 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.130.128202
  • Ellen Zheng; Martin Brandenbourger; Louis Robinet; Peter Schall; Edan Lerner; Corentin Coulais Self-Oscillation and Synchronization Transitions in Elastoactive Structures, Physical Review Letters, Volume 130 (2023) no. 17 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.130.178202
  • Yuval Shoham; Naomi Oppenheimer Hamiltonian Dynamics and Structural States of Two-Dimensional Active Particles, Physical Review Letters, Volume 131 (2023) no. 17 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.131.178301
  • Dallas Albritton; Laurel Ohm On the Stabilizing Effect of Swimming in an Active Suspension, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, Volume 55 (2023) no. 6, p. 6093 | DOI:10.1137/22m1496037
  • Vaseem A. Shaik; Zhiwei Peng; John F. Brady; Gwynn J. Elfring Confined active matter in external fields, Soft Matter, Volume 19 (2023) no. 7, p. 1384 | DOI:10.1039/d2sm01135b
  • Sebastian Fürthauer; Michael J. Shelley How Cross-Link Numbers Shape the Large-Scale Physics of Cytoskeletal Materials, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 13 (2022) no. 1, p. 365 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-052521-093943
  • Gianmarco Lazzini; Luca Romoli; Francesco Fuso Fluid-driven bacterial accumulation in proximity of laser-textured surfaces, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Volume 217 (2022), p. 112654 | DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112654
  • A.V. Bochkarev; A.I. Zemlyanukhin; A.P. Chetverikov; M.G. Velarde Single and multi-vertices solitons in lattices of active Morse - van der Pol units, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, Volume 114 (2022), p. 106678 | DOI:10.1016/j.cnsns.2022.106678
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  • Nishanth Murugan; Anubhab Roy Instability of an autochemotactic active suspension, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 934 (2022) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2021.1155
  • Laurel Ohm; Michael J. Shelley Weakly nonlinear analysis of pattern formation in active suspensions, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 942 (2022) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2022.392
  • T. Traverso; S. Michelin Collective dynamics and rheology of confined phoretic suspensions, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 943 (2022) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2022.366
  • Benno Liebchen; Aritra K Mukhopadhyay Interactions in active colloids, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Volume 34 (2022) no. 8, p. 083002 | DOI:10.1088/1361-648x/ac3a86
  • Achal Mahajan; David Saintillan Self-induced hydrodynamic coil-stretch transition of active polymers, Physical Review E, Volume 105 (2022) no. 1 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.105.014608
  • Henrik Nordanger; Alexander Morozov; Joakim Stenhammar Anisotropic diffusion of ellipsoidal tracers in microswimmer suspensions, Physical Review Fluids, Volume 7 (2022) no. 1 | DOI:10.1103/physrevfluids.7.013103
  • J. K. Bhattacharjee; T. R. Kirkpatrick Activity induced turbulence in driven active matter, Physical Review Fluids, Volume 7 (2022) no. 3 | DOI:10.1103/physrevfluids.7.034602
  • Scott Weady; David B. Stein; Michael J. Shelley Thermodynamically consistent coarse-graining of polar active fluids, Physical Review Fluids, Volume 7 (2022) no. 6 | DOI:10.1103/physrevfluids.7.063301
  • Haruki Hayano; Akira Furukawa Hydrodynamic interactions in anomalous rheology of active suspensions, Physical Review Research, Volume 4 (2022) no. 4 | DOI:10.1103/physrevresearch.4.043091
  • Achal Mahajan; Wen Yan; Alexandra Zidovska; David Saintillan; Michael J. Shelley Euchromatin Activity Enhances Segregation and Compaction of Heterochromatin in the Cell Nucleus, Physical Review X, Volume 12 (2022) no. 4 | DOI:10.1103/physrevx.12.041033
  • Igor S Aranson Bacterial active matter, Reports on Progress in Physics, Volume 85 (2022) no. 7, p. 076601 | DOI:10.1088/1361-6633/ac723d
  • Jaideep Katuri; Ruben Poehnl; Andrey Sokolov; William Uspal; Alexey Snezhko Arrested-motility states in populations of shape-anisotropic active Janus particles, Science Advances, Volume 8 (2022) no. 26 | DOI:10.1126/sciadv.abo3604
  • Arezoo M. Ardekani Motile microorganisms in complex fluids, Science Talks, Volume 3 (2022), p. 100048 | DOI:10.1016/j.sctalk.2022.100048
  • Qi Wang Generalized Onsager Principle and It Applications, Frontiers and Progress of Current Soft Matter Research (2021), p. 101 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-9297-3_3
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  • Hongfei Chen; Jean-Luc Thiffeault Shape matters: a Brownian microswimmer in a channel, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 916 (2021) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2021.144
  • Francisco Rojas-Pérez; Blaise Delmotte; Sébastien Michelin Hydrochemical interactions of phoretic particles: a regularized multipole framework, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 919 (2021) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2021.387
  • Weiquan Jiang; Guoqian Chen Transient dispersion process of active particles, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 927 (2021) | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2021.747
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  • Francisca Guzmán-Lastra; Hartmut Löwen; Arnold J. T. M. Mathijssen Active carpets drive non-equilibrium diffusion and enhanced molecular fluxes, Nature Communications, Volume 12 (2021) no. 1 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-22029-y
  • Amir Nourhani; David Saintillan Spontaneous directional flow of active magnetic particles, Physical Review E, Volume 103 (2021) no. 4 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.103.l040601
  • S. J. Kole; Gareth P. Alexander; Sriram Ramaswamy; Ananyo Maitra Layered Chiral Active Matter: Beyond Odd Elasticity, Physical Review Letters, Volume 126 (2021) no. 24 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.126.248001
  • Shi-Yuan Hu; Jun-Jun Chu; Michael J. Shelley; Jun Zhang Lévy Walks and Path Chaos in the Dispersal of Elongated Structures Moving across Cellular Vortical Flows, Physical Review Letters, Volume 127 (2021) no. 7 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.127.074503
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  • Jiayi Deng; Mehdi Molaei; Nicholas G. Chisholm; Kathleen J. Stebe Motile Bacteria at Oil–Water Interfaces: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Langmuir, Volume 36 (2020) no. 25, p. 6888 | DOI:10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03578
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  • Simon F. Schoeller; William V. Holt; Eric E. Keaveny Collective dynamics of sperm cells, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume 375 (2020) no. 1807, p. 20190384 | DOI:10.1098/rstb.2019.0384
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  • Zhiwei Peng; John F. Brady Upstream swimming and Taylor dispersion of active Brownian particles, Physical Review Fluids, Volume 5 (2020) no. 7 | DOI:10.1103/physrevfluids.5.073102
  • Dóra Bárdfalvy; Shan Anjum; Cesare Nardini; Alexander Morozov; Joakim Stenhammar Symmetric Mixtures of Pusher and Puller Microswimmers Behave as Noninteracting Suspensions, Physical Review Letters, Volume 125 (2020) no. 1 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.125.018003
  • Nuris Figueroa-Morales; Rodrigo Soto; Gaspard Junot; Thierry Darnige; Carine Douarche; Vincent A. Martinez; Anke Lindner; Éric Clément 3D Spatial Exploration by E. coli Echoes Motor Temporal Variability, Physical Review X, Volume 10 (2020) no. 2 | DOI:10.1103/physrevx.10.021004
  • Viktor Škultéty; Cesare Nardini; Joakim Stenhammar; Davide Marenduzzo; Alexander Morozov Swimming Suppresses Correlations in Dilute Suspensions of Pusher Microorganisms, Physical Review X, Volume 10 (2020) no. 3 | DOI:10.1103/physrevx.10.031059
  • David Saintillan Physical mechanisms of platelet formation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 117 (2020) no. 36, p. 21841 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2014390117
  • Jonas Denk; Erwin Frey Pattern-induced local symmetry breaking in active-matter systems, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 117 (2020) no. 50, p. 31623 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2010302117
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  • Eric W. Burkholder; John F. Brady Nonlinear microrheology of active Brownian suspensions, Soft Matter, Volume 16 (2020) no. 4, p. 1034 | DOI:10.1039/c9sm01713e
  • Eric Lauga The Fluid Dynamics of Cell Motility, 2020 | DOI:10.1017/9781316796047
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  • Maxime Theillard; David Saintillan Computational mean-field modeling of confined active fluids, Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 397 (2019), p. 108841 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcp.2019.07.040
  • Weiquan Jiang; Guoqian Chen Dispersion of active particles in confined unidirectional flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 877 (2019), p. 1 | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2019.562
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  • R N Bearon; W M Durham A model of strongly biased chemotaxis reveals the trade-offs of different bacterial migration strategies, Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA (2019) | DOI:10.1093/imammb/dqz007
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  • Henning Reinken; Sebastian Heidenreich; Markus Bär; Sabine H L Klapp Anisotropic mesoscale turbulence and pattern formation in microswimmer suspensions induced by orienting external fields, New Journal of Physics, Volume 21 (2019) no. 1, p. 013037 | DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/aaff09
  • Zhaowu Lin; Tong Gao Direct-forcing fictitious domain method for simulating non-Brownian active particles, Physical Review E, Volume 100 (2019) no. 1 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.100.013304
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  • Amarin G. McDonnell; Tilvawala C. Gopesh; Jennifer Lo; Moira O'Bryan; Leslie Y. Yeo; James R. Friend; Ranganathan Prabhakar Motility induced changes in viscosity of suspensions of swimming microbes in extensional flows, Soft Matter, Volume 11 (2015) no. 23, p. 4658 | DOI:10.1039/c4sm02742f
  • M. Gregory Forest; Qi Wang; Ruhai Zhou Kinetic attractor phase diagrams of active nematic suspensions: the dilute regime, Soft Matter, Volume 11 (2015) no. 32, p. 6393 | DOI:10.1039/c5sm00852b
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  • Oliver Pohl; Holger Stark Self-phoretic active particles interacting by diffusiophoresis: A numerical study of the collapsed state and dynamic clustering, The European Physical Journal E, Volume 38 (2015) no. 8 | DOI:10.1140/epje/i2015-15093-4
  • Suzanne Ahmed; Dillon T. Gentekos; Craig A. Fink; Thomas E. Mallouk Self-Assembly of Nanorod Motors into Geometrically Regular Multimers and Their Propulsion by Ultrasound, ACS Nano, Volume 8 (2014) no. 11, p. 11053 | DOI:10.1021/nn5039614
  • David Saintillan Swimming in shear, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 744 (2014), p. 1 | DOI:10.1017/jfm.2014.16
  • M. Gregory Forest; Panon Phuworawong; Qi Wang; Ruhai Zhou Rheological signatures in limit cycle behaviour of dilute, active, polar liquid crystalline polymers in steady shear, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Volume 372 (2014) no. 2029, p. 20130362 | DOI:10.1098/rsta.2013.0362
  • Adrien Lefauve; David Saintillan Globally aligned states and hydrodynamic traffic jams in confined suspensions of active asymmetric particles, Physical Review E, Volume 89 (2014) no. 2 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.89.021002
  • Akira Furukawa; Davide Marenduzzo; Michael E. Cates Activity-induced clustering in model dumbbell swimmers: The role of hydrodynamic interactions, Physical Review E, Volume 90 (2014) no. 2 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.90.022303
  • Takuji Ishikawa; T. J. Pedley Dispersion of model microorganisms swimming in a nonuniform suspension, Physical Review E, Volume 90 (2014) no. 3 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.90.033008
  • Andrey Pototsky; Uwe Thiele; Holger Stark Stability of liquid films covered by a carpet of self-propelled surfactant particles, Physical Review E, Volume 90 (2014) no. 3 | DOI:10.1103/physreve.90.030401
  • Andreas Zöttl; Holger Stark Hydrodynamics Determines Collective Motion and Phase Behavior of Active Colloids in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Confinement, Physical Review Letters, Volume 112 (2014) no. 11 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.112.118101
  • Hassan Masoud; Michael J. Shelley Collective Surfing of Chemically Active Particles, Physical Review Letters, Volume 112 (2014) no. 12 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.112.128304
  • Anke Lindner Flow of complex suspensions, Physics of Fluids, Volume 26 (2014) no. 10 | DOI:10.1063/1.4899260
  • Jean-Baptiste Caussin; Denis Bartolo Tailoring the interactions between self-propelled bodies, The European Physical Journal E, Volume 37 (2014) no. 6 | DOI:10.1140/epje/i2014-14055-8
  • Alexander Farutin; Salima Rafaï; Dag Kristian Dysthe; Alain Duperray; Philippe Peyla; Chaouqi Misbah Amoeboid Swimming: A Generic Self-Propulsion of Cells in Fluids by Means of Membrane Deformations, Physical Review Letters, Volume 111 (2013) no. 22 | DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.111.228102
  • Barath Ezhilan; Michael J. Shelley; David Saintillan Instabilities and nonlinear dynamics of concentrated active suspensions, Physics of Fluids, Volume 25 (2013) no. 7 | DOI:10.1063/1.4812822

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