[Séparation de phase induite par la motilité et coarsening dans la matière active]
Les systèmes actifs, ou la matière active, sont des systèmes autonomes qui vivent, ou fonctionnent, loin de l'équilibre – un exemple paradigmatique auquel nous nous intéressons ici est fourni par une suspension de particules auto-motiles. Les systèmes actifs sont loin de l'équilibre parce que leurs constituants microscopiques consomment constamment de l'énergie tirée de l'environnement pour pouvoir fonctionner, par exemple pour se propulser eux-mêmes. La nature de « non-équilibre » de la matière active conduit à une variété de phénomènes surprenants non triviaux. Un important d'entre eux, qui a récemment fait l'objet d'un intérêt intense parmi les physiciens de la biologie et de la matière molle, est ce qu'on dénomme « séparation de phases induite par la motilité », dans laquelle des particules autopropulsées s'accumulent en clusters en l'absence de toute interaction attractive explicite entre eux. Nous passons en revue ici la physique de la séparation induite par la motilité, et discutons ce phénomène dans le cadre de la physique classique de la séparation de phases et du coarsening. Nous discutons aussi des théories sur les colonies bactériennes dans lesquelles le coarsening peut être arrêté. La plus grande partie de ce travail se concentre sur le cas des particules run-and-tumble et des particules en mouvement brownien actif en l'absence d'interactions hydrodynamiques influencées par le solvant – nous discuterons brièvement leur rôle à la fin, qui n'est pour l'heure pas complètement compris dans ce contexte.
Active systems, or active matter, are self-driven systems that live, or function, far from equilibrium – a paradigmatic example that we focus on here is provided by a suspension of self-motile particles. Active systems are far from equilibrium because their microscopic constituents constantly consume energy from the environment in order to do work, for instance to propel themselves. The non-equilibrium nature of active matter leads to a variety of non-trivial intriguing phenomena. An important one, which has recently been the subject of intense interest among biological and soft matter physicists, is that of the so-called “motility-induced phase separation”, whereby self-propelled particles accumulate into clusters in the absence of any explicit attractive interactions between them. Here we review the physics of motility-induced phase separation, and discuss this phenomenon within the framework of the classic physics of phase separation and coarsening. We also discuss theories for bacterial colonies where coarsening may be arrested. Most of this work will focus on the case of run-and-tumble and active Brownian particles in the absence of solvent-mediated hydrodynamic interactions – we will briefly discuss at the end their role, which is not currently fully understood in this context.
Mot clés : Matière active, Séparation de phases, Particules autopropulsées
@article{CRPHYS_2015__16_3_316_0,
author = {Giuseppe Gonnella and Davide Marenduzzo and Antonio Suma and Adriano Tiribocchi},
title = {Motility-induced phase separation and coarsening in active matter},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {316--331},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2015.05.001},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Giuseppe Gonnella AU - Davide Marenduzzo AU - Antonio Suma AU - Adriano Tiribocchi TI - Motility-induced phase separation and coarsening in active matter JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2015 SP - 316 EP - 331 VL - 16 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2015.05.001 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2015__16_3_316_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Giuseppe Gonnella %A Davide Marenduzzo %A Antonio Suma %A Adriano Tiribocchi %T Motility-induced phase separation and coarsening in active matter %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2015 %P 316-331 %V 16 %N 3 %I Elsevier %R 10.1016/j.crhy.2015.05.001 %G en %F CRPHYS_2015__16_3_316_0
Giuseppe Gonnella; Davide Marenduzzo; Antonio Suma; Adriano Tiribocchi. Motility-induced phase separation and coarsening in active matter. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 16 (2015) no. 3, pp. 316-331. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2015.05.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2015.05.001/
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