[Écoulement sanguin et dysfonctionnement de lʼendothélium artériel : mécanismes et implications]
Lʼendothélium artériel régule finement la fonction vasculaire, et le dysfonctionnement de lʼendothélium joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement de lʼathérosclérose. Les lésions dʼathérosclérose se développent préférentiellement au niveau des branches et des bifurcations artérielles, là où le flux sanguin est perturbé. Comprendre la base de cette observation nécessite dʼélucider les effets de lʼécoulement sanguin sur la fonction des cellules endothéliales (CE). Le but de cette revue est : (1) de décrire notre compréhension actuelle de la relation entre lʼécoulement sanguin artériel et lʼathérosclérose, (2) de présenter le large éventail des réponses biologiques des CE induites par lʼécoulement, et (3) de discuter les mécanismes par lesquels les CE sentent, transmettent, et traduisent les forces mécaniques générées par lʼécoulement. Nous conclurons en présentant quelques perspectives dans le domaine hautement interdisciplinaire de la mécanotransduction des CE.
The arterial endothelium exquisitely regulates vascular function, and endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesions develop preferentially at arterial branches and bifurcations where the blood flow is disturbed. Understanding the basis for this observation requires elucidating the effects of blood flow on the endothelial cell (EC) function. The goal of this review is: (1) to describe our current understanding of the relationships between arterial blood flow and atherosclerosis, (2) to present the wide array of flow-induced biological responses in ECs, and (3) to discuss the mechanisms by which ECs sense, transmit, and transduce flow-derived mechanical forces. We conclude by presenting some future perspectives in the highly interdisciplinary field of EC mechanotransduction.
Mot clés : Cellules endothéliales, Athérosclérose, Mécanotransduction, Cytosquelettte, Écoulement sanguin, Mécanosenseurs
Abdul I. Barakat 1
@article{CRPHYS_2013__14_6_479_0,
author = {Abdul I. Barakat},
title = {Blood flow and arterial endothelial dysfunction: {Mechanisms} and implications},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {479--496},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2013.05.003},
language = {en},
}
Abdul I. Barakat. Blood flow and arterial endothelial dysfunction: Mechanisms and implications. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 14 (2013) no. 6, pp. 479-496. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.05.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2013.05.003/
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