[Théorie cinétique des écoulements granulaires cisaillés]
Les écoulements granulaires rapides sont des systèmes forcés hautement dissipatifs hors équilibre, dans lesquels les interactions entre particules dissipent l'énergie, et qui, de ce fait, requièrent un apport énergétique ininterrompu pour agiter les particules et faciliter les réarrangements nécessaires à l'écoulement. Ceci les différencie des écoulements de fluides moléculaires, qui sont en général proches de l'équilibre, et dont les molécules sont agitées par des fluctuations thermiques. Les écoulements granulaires cisaillés constituent une classe dans laquelle l'énergie nécéssaire est fournie par le cisaillement moyen. Ils sont étudiés à l'aide de la théorie cinétique des gaz, dans laquelle les particules sont traitées comme des molécules gazeuses, et où leurs intéractions sont binaires, instantanées et dissipatives. Nous discutons d'abord le bien-fondé de ces hypothèses qui sous-tendent la théorie cinétique et leur emploi dans le cas idéaliste d'un écoulement granulaire dilué. Nous résumons ensuite les succès et les défis attachés à la mise en œuvre de la théorie cinétique dans des écoulements réalistes denses et cisaillés.
Rapid granular flows are far-from-equilibrium-driven dissipative systems where the interaction between the particles dissipates energy, and so a continuous supply of energy is required to agitate the particles and facilitate the rearrangement required for the flow. This is in contrast to flows of molecular fluids, which are usually close to equilibrium, where the molecules are agitated by thermal fluctuations. Sheared granular flows form a class of flows where the energy required for agitating the particles in the flowing state is provided by the mean shear. These flows have been studied using the methods of kinetic theory of gases, where the particles are treated in a manner similar to molecules in a molecular gas, and the interactions between particles are treated as instantaneous energy-dissipating binary collisions. The validity of the assumptions underlying kinetic theory, and their applicability to the idealistic case of dilute sheared granular flows are first discussed. The successes and challenges for applying kinetic theory for realistic dense sheared granular flows are then summarised.
Mot clés : Théorie cinétique granulaire, Écoulements granulaires cisaillés, Écoulements granulaires denses
@article{CRPHYS_2015__16_1_51_0,
author = {Viswanathan Kumaran},
title = {Kinetic theory for sheared granular flows},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {51--61},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2014.11.008},
language = {en},
}
Viswanathan Kumaran. Kinetic theory for sheared granular flows. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 16 (2015) no. 1, pp. 51-61. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2014.11.008. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2014.11.008/
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