[Procédés émergents de revêtements métallurgiques et de films minces]
L'innovation dans les procédés de dépôt de couches minces ou épaisses et la projection thermique repose principalement sur les évolutions de leurs versions précédentes. Cinq études de cas de procédés émergents d'élaboration de revêtements métallurgiques avec leurs applications sont proposées. Les développements des procédés sont détaillés dans un contexte d'amélioration de la durée de vie de composants exposés à des milieux agressifs. Ainsi, des revêtements aux propriétés exceptionnelles sont obtenus par des procédés de dépôt physique en phase vapeur (PVD) grâce à des sources de vapeur métallique fortement ionisée. Les propriétés des couches sont contrôlables par exemple en HiPIMS (pulvérisation magnétron par impulsions de forte puissance) via l'énergie moyenne des ions métalliques. Alors que les techniques PVD sont plutôt directives, les procédés de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD) parviennent à revêtir uniformément des formes complexes. L'utilisation en DLI-MOCVD (Direct Liquid Injection – MetalOrganic CVD) de précurseurs soigneusement sélectionnés au sein de la chimie organométallique permet de traiter efficacement des substrats thermosensibles pour élargir le domaine d'application de ces revêtements. Le troisième exemple de technologie émergente est la projection plasma de suspensions. Ces dernières contenant des nanoparticules, leur projection mène à la croissance de structures inhabituelles et à des revêtements à porosité multiple. La projection à froid utilise quant à elle des poudres métalliques avec des granulométries supérieures. Celles-ci ne subissant pas de transformations pendant leur projection, des matériaux denses et de haute pureté sont déposés avec des propriétés comparables à celles de matériaux corroyés. Alors que la projection à froid convient aux métaux ductiles, les revêtements laser peuvent être appliqués aux céramiques, polymères et bien sûr aux métaux. Cette technologie est essentielle pour une ingénierie métallurgique avancée et le développement de nouveaux alliages en raison de sa capacité à produire des matériaux à gradient et à utiliser la synthèse combinatoire.
Innovation in thin-film deposition processes, thermal spraying and cladding technologies mostly rely on evolutions of their previous iteration. Along with other examples, five case studies of emerging elaboration processes for metallurgical coatings are described coupled with their applications. In the frame of the lifetime extension of components exposed to aggressive media or their functionalization, this article depicts all the developments of the detailed processes. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) of coatings with exceptional properties is possible thanks to sources generating highly ionized metallic vapors. The control of the average energy per incident species and particularly metallic ions strongly influences the characteristics of the deposited layer obtained, for example, with HiPIMS (High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering). While PVD techniques are mainly directive regarding the growth of the coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes manage to homogeneously coat complex 3D shapes. The use of specific precursors in DLI–MOCVD (Direct Liquid Injection – MetalOrganic CVD), carefully selected from the whole metalorganic chemistry, allows one to efficiently treat heat-sensitive substrates and broadens their application range. The third detailed example of emerging technology is suspension plasma spraying (SPS). Projection of various solutions containing nanoparticles leads to the growth of unusual morphologies and microstructures and to the generation of porous coatings with multi-scaled porosity. On the other hand, cold-spray uses metallic powders with higher granulometry and does not modify them during the deposition process. As a result, high-purity and dense materials are deposited with properties similar to those of wrought materials. Whereas cold-spray is suitable only for ductile metals, laser cladding can be applied to ceramics, polymers and of course metals. Laser cladding is a key technology for advanced metallurgical engineering and alloy development due to its capability for functionally graded materials production and combinatorial synthesis.
Mot clés : Pulvérisation magnétron, Dépôt chimique, Projection, Rechargement laser
@article{CRPHYS_2018__19_8_755_0,
author = {Alain Billard and Francis Maury and Pascal Aubry and Fanny Balbaud-C\'el\'erier and Benjamin Bernard and Fernando Lomello and Hicham Maskrot and Erick Meillot and Alexandre Michau and Fr\'ed\'eric Schuster},
title = {Emerging processes for metallurgical coatings and thin films},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {755--768},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
year = {2018},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.005},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Alain Billard AU - Francis Maury AU - Pascal Aubry AU - Fanny Balbaud-Célérier AU - Benjamin Bernard AU - Fernando Lomello AU - Hicham Maskrot AU - Erick Meillot AU - Alexandre Michau AU - Frédéric Schuster TI - Emerging processes for metallurgical coatings and thin films JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2018 SP - 755 EP - 768 VL - 19 IS - 8 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.005 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2018__19_8_755_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Alain Billard %A Francis Maury %A Pascal Aubry %A Fanny Balbaud-Célérier %A Benjamin Bernard %A Fernando Lomello %A Hicham Maskrot %A Erick Meillot %A Alexandre Michau %A Frédéric Schuster %T Emerging processes for metallurgical coatings and thin films %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2018 %P 755-768 %V 19 %N 8 %I Elsevier %R 10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.005 %G en %F CRPHYS_2018__19_8_755_0
Alain Billard; Francis Maury; Pascal Aubry; Fanny Balbaud-Célérier; Benjamin Bernard; Fernando Lomello; Hicham Maskrot; Erick Meillot; Alexandre Michau; Frédéric Schuster. Emerging processes for metallurgical coatings and thin films. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 19 (2018) no. 8, pp. 755-768. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.005. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.005/
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