[André Guinier : ordre local en matière condensée]
Cette contribution est un hommage à André Guinier et à l'école scientifique qu'il a créée. Nous montrons comment son travail de thèse a permis de développer de nouvelles méthodes d'étude de la matière par diffusion des rayons X aux petits et grands angles de Bragg. En parallèle à ce travail expérimental novateur, André Guinier a introduit un formalisme adapté, permettant une caractérisation précise de divers types d'ordre local dans la matière. Ces travaux, qui ont été étendus par ses propres étudiants, sont à l'origine d'une école de « diffraction des rayons X » de réputation internationale, qui reste très active de nos jours. Dans cet article, nous couvrons en détail la naissance de cette école de 1940 à 1980, puis nous survolons l'évolution des recherches de l'équipe qu'il a fondée au Laboratoire de physique des solides d'Orsay jusqu'au début du XXIe siècle, lorsque les investigations par rayonnement synchrotron ont révolutionné l'étude de la structure de la matière.
This contribution is a tribute to André Guinier and to the scientific school he created. We show how his thesis work allowed one to develop new X-ray scattering techniques of investigation of matter both at small and large scattering Bragg angles. In parallel to his pioneering experimental work, André Guinier introduced a well-adapted formalism allowing a precise characterization of various types of local order in the matter. These findings, which have been extended by his own students, have seed an “X-ray scattering” school of international reputation, which remains very active today. Here, we cover in detail the birth of this school from 1940 to 1980. Then, we outline the evolution of researches of the team he founded at the “Laboratoire de physique des solides” of Paris-Sud University until the beginning of the 21st century, when investigations using synchrotron radiation have revolutionized the study of the structure of the matter.
Mot clés : Histoire de la cristallographie, Diffraction des rayons X, Ordre local, Diffusion aux petits angles, Diffusion diffuse des rayons X
Jean-Paul Pouget 1 ; Anne-Marie Levelut 1 ; Jean-François Sadoc 1
@article{CRPHYS_2019__20_7-8_725_0, author = {Jean-Paul Pouget and Anne-Marie Levelut and Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Sadoc}, title = {Andr\'e {Guinier:} {Local} order in condensed matter}, journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique}, pages = {725--745}, publisher = {Elsevier}, volume = {20}, number = {7-8}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005}, language = {en}, }
Jean-Paul Pouget; Anne-Marie Levelut; Jean-François Sadoc. André Guinier: Local order in condensed matter. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 20 (2019) no. 7-8, pp. 725-745. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005/
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