Comptes Rendus
Science in the making 2: From 1940 to the early 1980s / La science en mouvement 2 : de 1940 aux premières années 1980
André Guinier: Local order in condensed matter
[André Guinier : ordre local en matière condensée]
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 20 (2019) no. 7-8, pp. 725-745.

Cette contribution est un hommage à André Guinier et à l'école scientifique qu'il a créée. Nous montrons comment son travail de thèse a permis de développer de nouvelles méthodes d'étude de la matière par diffusion des rayons X aux petits et grands angles de Bragg. En parallèle à ce travail expérimental novateur, André Guinier a introduit un formalisme adapté, permettant une caractérisation précise de divers types d'ordre local dans la matière. Ces travaux, qui ont été étendus par ses propres étudiants, sont à l'origine d'une école de « diffraction des rayons X » de réputation internationale, qui reste très active de nos jours. Dans cet article, nous couvrons en détail la naissance de cette école de 1940 à 1980, puis nous survolons l'évolution des recherches de l'équipe qu'il a fondée au Laboratoire de physique des solides d'Orsay jusqu'au début du XXIe siècle, lorsque les investigations par rayonnement synchrotron ont révolutionné l'étude de la structure de la matière.

This contribution is a tribute to André Guinier and to the scientific school he created. We show how his thesis work allowed one to develop new X-ray scattering techniques of investigation of matter both at small and large scattering Bragg angles. In parallel to his pioneering experimental work, André Guinier introduced a well-adapted formalism allowing a precise characterization of various types of local order in the matter. These findings, which have been extended by his own students, have seed an “X-ray scattering” school of international reputation, which remains very active today. Here, we cover in detail the birth of this school from 1940 to 1980. Then, we outline the evolution of researches of the team he founded at the “Laboratoire de physique des solides” of Paris-Sud University until the beginning of the 21st century, when investigations using synchrotron radiation have revolutionized the study of the structure of the matter.

Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005
Keywords: History of crystallography, X-ray diffraction, Local order, Small-angle scattering, X-ray diffuse scattering
Mot clés : Histoire de la cristallographie, Diffraction des rayons X, Ordre local, Diffusion aux petits angles, Diffusion diffuse des rayons X
Jean-Paul Pouget 1 ; Anne-Marie Levelut 1 ; Jean-François Sadoc 1

1 Laboratoire de physique des solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
@article{CRPHYS_2019__20_7-8_725_0,
     author = {Jean-Paul Pouget and Anne-Marie Levelut and Jean-Fran\c{c}ois Sadoc},
     title = {Andr\'e {Guinier:} {Local} order in condensed matter},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {725--745},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {20},
     number = {7-8},
     year = {2019},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005},
     language = {en},
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jean-Paul Pouget
AU  - Anne-Marie Levelut
AU  - Jean-François Sadoc
TI  - André Guinier: Local order in condensed matter
JO  - Comptes Rendus. Physique
PY  - 2019
SP  - 725
EP  - 745
VL  - 20
IS  - 7-8
PB  - Elsevier
DO  - 10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005
LA  - en
ID  - CRPHYS_2019__20_7-8_725_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A Jean-Paul Pouget
%A Anne-Marie Levelut
%A Jean-François Sadoc
%T André Guinier: Local order in condensed matter
%J Comptes Rendus. Physique
%D 2019
%P 725-745
%V 20
%N 7-8
%I Elsevier
%R 10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005
%G en
%F CRPHYS_2019__20_7-8_725_0
Jean-Paul Pouget; Anne-Marie Levelut; Jean-François Sadoc. André Guinier: Local order in condensed matter. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 20 (2019) no. 7-8, pp. 725-745. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2019.03.005/

[1] S. Ravy; A. Guinier (1911–2000): a physicist among crystallographers, Phys. Scr., Volume 90 (2015)

[2] A. Guinier La diffraction des rayons X aux très petits angles : application à l'étude de phénomènes ultramicroscopiques, Ann. Phys., Volume 12 (1939), p. 161

[3] A. Guinier Personal reminiscences (P. Ewald, ed.), 50 Years of X-Ray Diffraction, International Union of Crystallography, Springer, 1962, pp. 574-578

[4] A. Guinier Dispositif permettant d'obtenir des diagrammes très intenses de diffraction des poudres cristallines avec un rayonnement monochromatique, C. r. hebd. séances Acad. sci., Volume 204 (1937), p. 1115

[5] A. Guinier La diffusion des rayons X sous les très faibles angles appliquée à l'étude de fines particules et de suspensions colloïdales, C. r. hebd. séances Acad. sci., Volume 206 (1938), p. 1374

[6] A. Guinier Un nouveau type de diagrammes de rayons X, C. r. hebd. séances Acad. sci., Volume 206 (1938), p. 1641

[7] A. Guinier; G.D. Preston Structure of age-hardened aluminium–copper alloys, Nature, Volume 142 (1938), p. 569

[8] G.D. Preston; G.D. Preston The diffraction of X-rays by age-hardening aluminium–copper alloys. The structure of an intermediate phase, Philos. Mag., Volume 167A (1938), p. 526

[9] M. Winterberger Les zones de Guinier-Preston ont 50 ans, Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium, Volume 3 (1988), p. 37 (avec réponse d'A. Guinier)

[10] A. Guinier On the birth of GP zones, Mater. Sci. Forum, Volume 217 (1996) no. 222, p. 3

[11] O. Hardouin Duparc Le Preston des zones de Guinier–Preston, Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium, Volume 29 ( 2001–2002 ), p. 57

[12] G. Fournet Étude théorique et expérimentale de la diffusion des rayons X par les ensembles denses de particules, 1951 (PhD thesis)

[13] C.B. Walter; A. Guinier An X-ray investigation of age-hardening in Al–Ag, Acta Metall., Volume 1 (1953), p. 568

[14] B. Belbeoch; A. Guinier Relation entre les structures et les propriétés des alliages Al–Ag pendant le durcissement structural, Acta Metall., Volume 3 (1955), p. 370

[15] A. Guinier Théorie et pratique de la radiocristallographie, Dunod, Paris, 1956 (nouvelle édition en 1964)

[16] R. Castaing; A. Guinier Applications à l'analyse métallographique des sondes électroniques, Congrès de microscopie électronique de Delft, p. 60 (1949) et de Paris, 1950, p. 391

[17] A. Guinier; G. Fournet Small Angle Scattering of X-Rays, J. Willey, New York, 1955

[18] A. Guinier La radiocristallographie, Dunod, Paris, 1945

[19]

An adapted version of [15], X-ray diffraction in crystals, imperfect crystals and amorphous body, has been republished in 1994 by Dover Publications, New York

[20] A.-M. Levelut; F. Moussa; J. Doucet; J.-J. Benattar; M. Lambert; B. Dorner Local order and lattice-dynamics in the ordered phases of TBBA (terephthal-bis-butyl-aniline), J. Phys., Volume 42 (1981), p. 1651

[21] A.F. Bonfiglioli; A. Guinier structure des zones G.P. dans l'alliage Al–Zn au premier stade de leur formation, Acta Metall., Volume 14 (1966), p. 1213

[22] M. Lambert; R. Comès; M. Lambert; R. Perret; A. Guinier Observations des défauts primaires dans les cristaux de fluorure de lithium irradiés par les neutrons thermiques à 77 K, Phys. Status Solidi B, Volume 13 (1958), p. 265 (PhD thesis)

[23] A.-M. Levelut; M. Lambert; A. Guinier; A.-M. Levelut Description d'un montage permettant l'étude des défauts ponctuels par diffusion de rayons X, J. Phys., Volume 255 (1962), p. 319

[24] A.-M. Levelut; A. Guinier Diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles par des substances homogènes, Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., Volume 40 (1967), p. 445

[25] E. Dartyge; M. Lambert; G. Leroux; A.-M. Levelut Étude de l'état de dispersion du soluté dans les solutions solides d'aluminium diluées, Acta Metall., Volume 20 (1972), p. 233

[26] M. Lambert; A.-M. Levelut; M. Maurette; H. Heckman Étude par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles de mica muscovite irradié par des ions d'argon, Radiat. Eff., Volume 3 (1970), p. 155

[27] M. Lambert; A.-M. Levelut; A. Guinier Étude par diffusion des rayons X aux faibles angles de monocristaux de LiF renfermant des ions Ni++ en faible concentration, Acta Crystallogr. A, Volume 24 (1968), p. 549

[28] E. Dartyge; M. Lambert Formation de défauts dans les échantillons de mica muscovite irradiés par des ions de grande énergie, Radiat. Eff., Volume 21 (1974), p. 71

[29] E. Dartyge; J.P. Duraud; Y. Langevin; M. Maurette A new method for investigating the past activity of ancient solar flare cosmic rays over a time scale of few billion years, Houston, TX, 13–17 March (1978), p. 2375

[30] M. Lemonnier, D. Petermann, D. Lefur, S. Megtert, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France, Patent No. 8203344.

[31] P.A. Albouy; J.-P. Pouget; H. Strzelecka X-ray study of the order-disorder phase transition in a triiodide chain compound: DIPSϕ4(I3)0.76, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 35 (1987), p. 173

[32] A.-M. Levelut; S. Deudé; S. Megtert; D. Petermann; J. Malthète Point defects in mesophases: a comparison between dilatometric and small angle X-ray scattering studies, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Volume 362 (2001), p. 5

[33] R. Comès; M. Lambert; A. Guinier Désordre linéaire dans les cristaux (cas du silicium, du quartz, et des pérovskites ferroélectriques), Acta Crystallogr. A, Volume 26 (1970), p. 244

[34] M. Lambert Etude des ferroélectriques au voisinage de la température de transition, Colloque 1965 de l'association française de cristallographie (Bull. Soc. Sci. Bretagne), Volume 39 (1964), p. 93

[35] R. Comès; M. Lambert; A. Guinier; R. Comès; M. Lambert; A. Guinier The chain structure of BaTiO3 and KNbO3, Solid State Commun., Volume 266 (1968), p. 959

[36] R. Comès; F. Denoyer; M. Lambert Désordre de structure dans les cristaux de type pérovskite, J. Phys., Colloq., Volume 32 (1971)

[37] R. Comès; G. Shirane Neutron-scattering analysis of the linear-displacement correlations in KTaO3, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 5 (1972), p. 1886

[38] R. Comès; M. Lambert; H. Launois; H.R. Zeller Evidence for a peierls distortion or a Kohn anomaly in one-dimensional conductors of the type K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3xH2O, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 8 (1973), p. 571

[39] J.-P. Pouget Low dimensional conductors (J. Baruchel; J.-L. Hodeau; M.S. Lehmann; J.-R. Regnard; C. Schlenker, eds.), Neutron and Synchrotron Radiations for Condensed Matter Studies, vol. II, HERCULES school, Les Éditions de Physique and Springer-Verlag, 1993, p. 245 (Chapter 11, Applications to Solid State Physics and Chemistry)

[40] J.-P. Pouget Peierls instability and charge density wave in one-dimension electronic conductors, C. R. Physique, Volume 17 (2016), p. 332

[41] F. Denoyer; R. Comès; A.F. Garito; A.J. Heeger X-ray-diffuse-scattering evidence for a phase transition in tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ), Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 35 (1975), p. 445

[42] S. Kagoshima; H. Anzai; K. Kajimura; T. Ishiguro Observation of the Kohn anomaly and the Peierls transition in TTF-TCNQ by X-ray scattering, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Volume 39 (1975), p. 1143

[43] J.-P. Pouget; S.K. Khanna; F. Denoyer; R. Comès; A.F. Garito; A.J. Heeger; X. Ray; S.K. Khanna; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès; A.F. Garito; A.J. Heeger; X. Ray Studies of 2kF and 4kF anomalies in TTF-TCNQ, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 37 (1976), p. 437

[44] S. Megtert; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès Effets structuraux de la dimensionalité dans les conducteurs unidimensionnels, J. Phys., Colloq., Volume 38 (1977)

[45] S. Megtert; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès X-ray scattering studies from 1D conductors, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Volume 313 (1978), p. 234

[46] J.-P. Pouget; S. Kagoshima; C. Schlenker; J. Marcus Evidence for a peierls transition in the blue bronzes K0.3MoO3 and Rb0.3MoO3, J. Phys. Lett., Paris, Volume 44 (1983), p. L113

[47] S. Fagot; P. Foury-Leylekian; S. Ravy; J.-P. Pouget; H. Berger One dimensional instability in BaVS3, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 90 (2003)

[48] J.-P. Pouget; S. Ravy Structural aspects of the Bechgaard salts and related compounds, J. Phys. I, Volume 6 (1996), p. 1501

[49] M.H. Whangbo; E. Canadell; P. Foury; J.-P. Pouget Hidden nesting and charge density wave instability in low dimensional metals, Science, Volume 252 (1991), p. 96

[50] S. Megtert; R. Comès; C. Vettier; R. Pynn; A.F. Garito Neutron scattering study of commensurability effects in TTF–TCNQ under high pressure, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Volume 85 (1982), p. 159

[51] F. Dénoyer; R. Currat Modulated phases in thiourea (R. Blinc; A.P. Levanyuk, eds.), Incommensurate Phases in Dielectrics 2, Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, vol. 14, Elsevier, 1986, p. 129 (chapter 14)

[52] D. Durand; F. Dénoyer; R. Currat; M. Lambert Incommensurate phase in NaNO2 (R. Blinc; A.P. Levanyuk, eds.), Incommensurate Phases in Dielectrics 2, Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, vol. 14, Elsevier, 1986, p. 101 (chapter 13)

[53] P. Robin; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès; A. Moradpour Étude par diffusion des rayons X du mécanisme de polymérisation et des transitions de phase du diacétylène : bis-(p-toluène sulfonate) de 2,4 hexadiyne 1,6 diol, J. Phys., Volume 41 (1980), p. 415

[54] C.K. Johnson; C.R. Watson Superstructure and modulation wave analysis for the unidimensional conductor hepta-(tetrathiafulvalene) pentaiodide, J. Chem. Phys., Volume 64 (1976), p. 2271

[55] J.M. Hastings; J.-P. Pouget; G. Shirane; A.J. Heeger; N.D. Miro; A.G. Mac Diarmid; J.-P. Pouget; G. Shirane; J.M. Hastings; A.J. Heeger; N.D. Miro; A.G. Mac Diarmid Elastic neutron scattering of the “phase ordering” phase transition in Hg3δAsF6, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 39 (1977), p. 1484

[56] S. Megtert; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès; R. Fourme X-ray diffuse scattering study of iodine chains in (TTT)2I3+δ, Lect. Notes Phys., Volume 96 (1979), p. 196

[57] H. Endres; J.-P. Pouget; H. Endres; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès Diffuse X-ray scattering and order-disorder effects in the iodide chain compounds N,N-diethyl-N,N-dihydrophenazinium iodide, E2PI1.6, and N,N-diebenzyl-N,N-dihydrophenazinium iodide, B2PI1.6, B2PI1.6, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, Volume 17 (1981), p. 137 (extended abstract)

[58] P.A. Albouy; J.-P. Pouget; J. Halin; V. Enkelmann; G. Wegner Structural study of the aging and thermal evolution of polyiodide chains in doped transpolyacetylene, Makromol. Chem., Volume 193 (1992), p. 853

[59] C. Bousige; S. Rols; E. Paineau; S. Rouzière; C. Mocuta; B. Verberck; J.P. Wright; H. Kataura; P. Launois Progressive melting in confined one-dimensional C60 chains, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 86 (2012)

[60] F. Rousseaux; R. Moret; D. Guerard; P. Lagrange; M. Lelaurain Low temperature ordering and phase transitions in KC24 and RbC24 single crystals, Synth. Met., Volume 12 (1985), p. 45

[61] S. Ravy; P.A. Albouy; S. Megtert; R. Moret; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès X-ray diffuse scattering from incommensurable structures, Phase Transit., Volume 16 (1989), p. 193

[62] R.P. Scaringe; R. Comès X-ray diffuse scattering, Determination of Structural Features of Crystalline and Amorphous Solids, vol. 5, John Wiley, New York, 1990, p. 517 (chapter 7, Physical Methods of Chemistry)

[63] M. Lambert Diffuse scattering (J. Baruchel; J.-L. Hodeau; M.S. Lehmann; J.-R. Regnard; C. Schlenker, eds.), Neutron and Synchrotron Radiations for Condensed Matter Studies, vol. I, HERCULES school, Les Éditions de Physique and Springer-Verlag, 1993, p. 223 (Chapter 9, Theory, Instruments and Methods)

[64] T.R. Welberry; B.D. Butler Diffuse X-ray scattering from disordered crystals, Chem. Rev., Volume 95 (1995), p. 2369

[65] S. Ravy Study of molecular conductors by X-ray diffuse scattering, Chem. Rev., Volume 104 (2004), p. 5609

[66] S. Ravy; P. Launois; R. Moret; J.-P. Pouget Case studies of molecular disorder, Z. Kristallogr., Volume 220 (2005), p. 1059

[67] P. Launois; S. Ravy; R. Moret Interactions and molecular orientations in solid C60, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, Volume 13 (1999), p. 253

[68] S. Ravy; J.-P. Pouget; R. Comès Destructive interferences between diffuse scatterings due to disorder and displacive modulation (X-ray, white line effect), J. Phys. I, Volume 2 (1992), p. 1173

[69] A. Guinier L'effet de la distortion du réseau sur la diffusion des rayons X par un cristal de solution solide, Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., Volume LXXVII (1954), p. 680

[70] S. Ravy From Guinier Preston zones to Friedel oscillations, J. Phys. IV (Proc.), Volume 12 (2002), p. 7

[71] S. Rouzière; S. Ravy; J.-P. Pouget; S. Brazovskii; S. Ravy; S. Rouzière; J.-P. Pouget; J. Marcus; S. Brazovskii; J.F. Berar; E. Elkaim Disorder effects on the charge-density wave structure in V- and W-doped blue bronzes: Friedel oscillations and charge-density wave pinning, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 62 (2000) 16231(R)

[72] P. Duwez Structure and properties of glassy metals, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., Volume 6 (1976), p. 83

[73] J. Dixmier; A. Guinier Obtention de phases nouvelles par trempe ultra-rapide, Rev. Métall., Volume 64 (1967), p. 53

[74] J. Bletry; J.-F. Sadoc Determination of three partial interference functions of an amorphous Co-P ferromagnet by polarized neutron scattering, J. Phys. F, Met. Phys., Volume 5 (1975), p. L110

[75] J.-F. Sadoc; J. Dixmier; A. Guinier Theoretical calculation of dense random packing of equal and non-equal hard spheres, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Volume 12 (1973), p. 48

[76] J.-F. Sadoc Calcul de la densité maximale d'un empilement aléatoire de sphères dures identiques, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II, Volume 292 (1981), p. 435

[77] J. Finney Fine structure in randomly packed, dense clusters of hard spheres, Mater. Sci. Eng., Volume 23 (1975), p. 199

[78] J.-F. Sadoc Use of regular polytopes for the mathematical description of the order in amorphous structures, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Volume 44 (1981), p. 1

[79] D. Shechtman; I. Blech; D. Gratias; J.W. Cahn Metallic phase with long-range orientational order and no translational symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 53 (1984), p. 1951

[80] F. Dénoyer Diffraction experiments on quasicrystals and related phases, course No. 2 (F. Axel et al., eds.), From Quasicrystals to More Complex Systems, Centre de Physique des Houches Book Series (LHWINTER), vol. 13, Springer Verlag, France, 2000, p. 23

[81] J. Friedel; F. Dénoyer Les quasi-cristaux comme alliages de Hume–Rothery, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II, Volume 305 (1987), p. 171

[82] S. Haijw; B. Pansu; J.-F. Sadoc Evidence for a C14 Frank–Kasper phase in one-size gold nanoparticle super lattices, ACS Nano, Volume 9 (2015), p. 8116

[83] V. Luzatti X-ray diffraction studies of lipid-water systems (D. Chapman, ed.), Biological Membranes, vol. 1, Academic Press, London, New York, 1968, pp. 71-123

[84] J. Doucet; A.-M. Levelut; M. Lambert Long and short-range order in crystalline and smectic B phases of terephthal-bis-butylaniline (TBBA), Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Volume 24 (1973), p. 317

[85] P.S. Pershan (Reciprocal Space) (2008), p. 447

[86] P. Delord; G. Malet Diffusion des rayons X par une phase nématique orientée. L'ordre à courte distance dans la para-azoxyanisole, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Volume 28 (1974), p. 223

[87] F. Hardouin; A.-M. Levelut; M.-F. Achard; G. Sigaud Polymorphisme de substances mésogènes à molécules polaires, J. Chim. Phys., Volume 80 (1983), p. 53

[88] A.-M. Levelut Vacancy-interstitial pairs in ordered smectic phases: a linear Guinier–Preston zone behaviour, J. Phys., Volume 51 (1990), p. 1517

[89] R.E. Franklin; R.G. Gosling Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate, Nature, Volume 171 (1953), p. 740

[90] F. Livolant; A.-M. Levelut; J. Doucet; J.-P. Benoît The highly concentrated liquid-crystalline phase of DNA is columnar hexagonal, Nature, Volume 639 (1989), p. 724

[91] J. Doucet; J.-P. Benoit; W.B.T. Cruse; T. Prange; O. Kennard Coexistence of A- and B- form DNA in a single crystal lattice, Nature, Volume 337 (1989), p. 190

[92] A.-M. Levelut Structure of a disk-like mesophase, J. Phys. Lett., Volume 40 (1979), p. L81

[93] J. Malthête; A.M. Levelut Mesophase formed by diabolo-like molecules, Adv. Mater., Volume 3 (1991), p. 94

[94] J. Malthète; A.-M. Levelut; L. Liebert The mesomorphism of some diamides of alkyl-substituted-1, 3-diaminobenzene, Adv. Mater., Volume 4 (1992), p. 37

[95] P.-A. Albouy; D. Guillon; B. Henrich; A.-M. Levelut; J. Malthète Structural study of the nematic and hexagonal columnar phases of wired shaped self assemblies of thermotropic mesogens, J. Phys. II, Volume 5 (1995), p. 1617

[96] J. Charvolin; P. Manneville; B. Deloche Magnetic resonance of perdeuterated potassium laurate in oriented soap-water multilayers, Chem. Phys. Lett., Volume 23 (1973), p. 345

[97] P. Davidson; P. Keller; A.-M. Levelut Molecular organization in side chain liquid crystalline polymers, J. Phys., Volume 46 (1985), p. 939

[98] P. Davidson; A.-M. Levelut Evidence by X-ray scattering of defects in the lamellar stacking of the SmA phase of a side-chain polymer, J. Phys., Volume 49 (1988), p. 689

[99] A.-M. Levelut Structure of liquid crystals (J. Baruchel; J.L. Hodeau; M.S. Lehmann; J.-R. Regnard; C. Schlenker, eds.), Neutron and Synchrotron Radiations for Condensed Matter Studies, vol. III, HERCULES school, Les Éditions de Physique and Springer-Verlag, 1994, p. 69 (Chapter 5, Applications to Soft Condensed Matter and Biology)

[100] A.-M. Levelut Structure des phases mésomorphes formées de molécules discoïdes, J. Chim. Phys., Volume 80 (1983), p. 149

[101] J. Doucet; J.-P. Benoit; J. Doucet; J.-P. Benoit; P. Faure; D. Durand Analyse de la diffusion diffuse donnée par les cristaux de protéine, J. Phys. I, Volume 325 (1987), p. 643

[102] P. Davidson; J.C.P. Gabriel; P. Davidson; J.C.P. Gabriel Orientational order in clay gels, Clay Sci., Volume 9 (2005) no. Suppl. 1, p. 377

[103] A. Guinier As chance would have it…, Rigaku J., Volume 16 (1999), p. 2

[104] S. Fagot; P. Foury-Leylekian; S. Ravy; J.-P. Pouget; M. Anne; G. Popov; M.V. Lobanov; M. Greenblatt Structural aspects of the metal-insulator phase transition of BaVS3, Solid State Sci., Volume 7 (2005), p. 718

[105] G. Monet; M.S. Amara; S. Rouzière; E. Paineau; Z. Chai; J.D. Elliott; E. Poli; M.-L. Liu; G. Teobaldi; P. Launois Structural resolution of inorganic nanotubes with complex stoichiometry, Nat. Commun., Volume 9 (2018), p. 2033

[106] P. Davidson; C. Penisson; D. Constantin; J.C.P. Gabriel Isotropic, nematic, and lamellar phases in colloidal suspensions of nanosheets, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Volume 115 (2018)

[107] S. Ravy; J.-P. Itié; A. Polian; M. Hanfland High-pressure study of X-ray diffuse scattering in ferroelectric perovskites, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 99 (2007)

[108] P. Mach; R. Pindak; A.-M. Levelut; P. Barois; H.T. Nguyen; C.C. Huang; L. Furenlid Structural characterization of various chiral smectic C phases by resonant X-ray scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 81 (1998), p. 1015

[109] S. Fagot; P. Foury-Leylekian; S. Ravy; J.-P. Pouget; E. Lorenzo; Y. Joly; M. Green blatt; M.V. lobanov; G. Popov X-ray anomalous scattering investigation of BaVS3, Phys. Rev. B, Volume 73 (2006)

[110] P. Leininger; V. Ilakovac; Y. Joly; E. Schierle; E. Weschke; O. Buneau; H. Berger; J.-P. Pouget; P. Foury-Leylekian Ground state of the quasi-1D BaVS3 resolved by resonant magnetic X-ray scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 106 (2011)

[111] D. Le Bolloc'h; S. Ravy; J. Dumas; J. Marcus; F. Livet; C. Detlefs; F. Yakhou; L. Paolasini Charge density wave dislocation as revealed by coherent X-ray diffraction, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 95 (2005)

[112] C. Laulhé; T. Huber; G. Lantz; A. Ferrer; S.O. Mariager; S. Grübel; J. Rittmann; J.A. Johnson; V. Esposito; A. Lübcke; L. Huber; M. Kubli; M. Savoini; V.L.R. Jacques; L. Cario; B. Corraze; E. Janod; G. Ingold; P. Beaud; S.L. Johnson; S. Ravy Ultrafast formation of a charge density wave state in 1T-TaS2: observation at nanometer scales using time-resolved X-ray diffraction, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 118 (2017)

[113] A. Guinier Les rayons X, Collection Que sais-je?, Presses universitaires de France, 1984

[114] A. Guinier La structure de la matière : Du ciel bleu aux cristaux liquides, Collection Liaisons ScientifiquesThe Structure of Matter: From Blue Sky to Liquid Crystals, Hachette et CNRS, 1980 (Préface de A. Kastler)

[115] A. Guinier; R. Julien La matière à l'état solide : Des supraconducteurs aux superalliages, Collection, Liaisons scientifiquesThe Solid State: From Superconductors to Superalloys, International Union of Crystallography, Texts on Crystallography Series, vol. 1, Hachette et CNRS, 1987 (Préface de Sir Nevill Mott)

Cité par Sources :

Commentaires - Politique


Ces articles pourraient vous intéresser

Interrogation of cobaloxime-based supramolecular photocatalyst architectures

Karen L. Mulfort

C. R. Chim (2017)


Precipitate characterisation in metallic systems by small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering

Frédéric De Geuser; Alexis Deschamps

C. R. Phys (2012)