The refraction and extinction in the Earth’s atmosphere depend on the atmosphere’s structure, so it was natural to try to infer that structure from optical observations. Efforts to extract structure from observed refractions led to proof that this is possible only below the astronomical horizon. Direct studies of the real atmosphere show complicated, variable structure. The complex history of relations between structure and refraction is outlined by citing some important works.
La réfraction et l’extinction dans l’atmosphère terrestre dépendent de sa structure, donc il était naturel d’essayer de déduire celle-ci à partir d’observations optiques. Partant des réfractions observées, les efforts pour en tirer cette structure ont conduit à prouver que cela n’est possible que sous l’horizon astronomique. Des études directes de l’atmosphère réelle révèlent une structure variable et compliquée. On expose l’histoire complexe des études concernant les relations entre structure atmosphérique et réfraction en citant des travaux majeurs.
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Mots-clés : Réfraction, extinction, structure de l’atmosphère, cas polytropiques, gradient thermique, problèmes inverses, atmosphère standard
Andrew T. Young 1

@article{CRPHYS_2022__23_S1_179_0, author = {Andrew T. Young}, title = {Relations among atmospheric structure, refraction, and extinction}, journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique}, pages = {179--212}, publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris}, volume = {23}, number = {S1}, year = {2022}, doi = {10.5802/crphys.125}, language = {en}, }
Andrew T. Young. Relations among atmospheric structure, refraction, and extinction. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Astronomy, Atmospheres and Refraction, Volume 23 (2022) no. S1, pp. 179-212. doi : 10.5802/crphys.125. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.125/
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