Dynamics of spatial phase coherence in a dissipative Bose–Hubbard atomic system

Rémy Vatré; Raphaël Bouganne; Manel Bosch Aguilera; Alexis Ghermaoui; Jérôme Beugnon; Raphael Lopes; Fabrice Gerbier

doi:10.5802/crphys.166

Dynamics of spatial phase coherence in a dissipative Bose–Hubbard atomic system

Rémy Vatré ¹; Raphaël Bouganne ¹; Manel Bosch Aguilera ¹; Alexis Ghermaoui ¹; Jérôme Beugnon ¹; Raphael Lopes ¹; Fabrice Gerbier ¹

¹ Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 24 (2023) no. S3, pp. 263-284.

Abstract
Résumé

We investigate the loss of spatial coherence of one-dimensional bosonic gases in optical lattices illuminated by a near-resonant excitation laser. Because the atoms recoil in a random direction after each spontaneous emission, the atomic momentum distribution progressively broadens. Equivalently, the spatial correlation function (the Fourier-conjugate quantity of the momentum distribution) progressively narrows down as more photons are scattered. Here we measure the correlation function of the matter field for fixed distances corresponding to nearest-neighbor (n-n) and next-nearest-neighbor (n-n-n) sites of the optical lattice as a function of time, hereafter called n-n and n-n-n correlators. For strongly interacting lattice gases, we find that the n-n correlator $C_{1}$ decays as a power-law at long times, $C_{1} \propto 1 / t^{α}$ , in stark contrast with the exponential decay expected for independent particles. The power-law decay reflects a non-trivial dissipative many-body dynamics, where interactions change drastically the interplay between fluorescence destroying spatial coherence, and coherent tunnelling between neighboring sites restoring spatial coherence at short distances. The observed decay exponent $α \approx 0.54 (6)$ is in good agreement with the prediction $α = 1 / 2$ from a dissipative Bose–Hubbard model accounting for the fluorescence-induced decoherence. Furthermore, we find that the n-n correlator $C_{1}$ controls the n-n-n correlator $C_{2}$ through the relation $C_{2} \approx C_{1}^{2}$ , also in accordance with the dissipative Bose–Hubbard model.

Nous étudions la disparition de la cohérence spatiale quand un gaz quantique d’atomes bosoniques est illuminé par un laser quasi-résonant. La distribution en impulsion du gaz s’élargit à cause de la diffusion en impulsion due au caractère aléatoire de l’émission spontanée. De manière équivalente, la fonction de corrélation spatiale qui permet de caractériser la cohérence en phase (et qui n’est rien d’autre que la transformée de Fourier de la distribution en impulsion) devient de plus en plus étroite. Dans ce travail, nous mesurons cette fonction de corrélation pour un gaz unidimensionnel dans un réseau optique et pour des distances correspondant à des sites plus proches voisins (ppv) et second plus proches voisins (sppv). Pour des gaz en interaction, nous observons que la fonction de corrélation ppv $C_{1}$ décroît comme une loi de puissance, $C_{1} \propto 1 / t^{α}$ , beaucoup plus lente que la décroissance exponentielle attendue pour des atomes indépendants. Cette loi algébrique reflète une dynamique à N corps sous-jacente où les interactions modifient complètement la compétition entre effet tunnel ppv (qui tend à préserver ou restaurer la cohérence spatiale) et émission spontanée (qui détruit cette cohérence). Nous mesurons un exposant de décroissance algébrique $α \approx 0.54 (6)$ , en bon accord avec la prédiction $α = 1 / 2$ déduite d’un modèle de Bose–Hubbard avec une partie dissipative décrivant la décoherence induite par les photons de fluorescence. Enfin, nous observons que le corrélateur ppv $C_{1}$ contrôle le corrélateur sppv $C_{2}$ à travers la relation $C_{2} \approx C_{1}^{2}$ , également prédite par le modèle de Bose–Hubbard dissipatif.

Received: 2023-07-21
Revised: 2023-10-16
Accepted: 2023-11-14
Online First: 2024-03-29
Published online: 2024-05-31

DOI: 10.5802/crphys.166

Keywords: ultracold atoms, quantum gases, optical lattices, decoherence
Mot clés : atomes ultrafroids, gaz quantiques, réseaux optiques, décohérence

Author's affiliations:

Rémy Vatré ¹; Raphaël Bouganne ¹; Manel Bosch Aguilera ¹; Alexis Ghermaoui ¹; Jérôme Beugnon ¹; Raphael Lopes ¹; Fabrice Gerbier ¹

¹ Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France

License:

CC-BY 4.0

Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights

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     author = {R\'emy Vatr\'e and Rapha\"el Bouganne and Manel Bosch Aguilera and Alexis Ghermaoui and J\'er\^ome Beugnon and Raphael Lopes and Fabrice Gerbier},
     title = {Dynamics of spatial phase coherence in a dissipative {Bose{\textendash}Hubbard} atomic system},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {263--284},
     publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
     volume = {24},
     number = {S3},
     year = {2023},
     doi = {10.5802/crphys.166},
     language = {en},
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Rémy Vatré; Raphaël Bouganne; Manel Bosch Aguilera; Alexis Ghermaoui; Jérôme Beugnon; Raphael Lopes; Fabrice Gerbier. Dynamics of spatial phase coherence in a dissipative Bose–Hubbard atomic system. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 24 (2023) no. S3, pp. 263-284. doi : 10.5802/crphys.166. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.166/

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