Properties of waveguides filled with anisotropic metamaterials

Abhinav Bhardwaj; Dheeraj Pratap; Mitchell Semple; Ashwin K. Iyer; Arun M. Jayannavar; S. Anantha Ramakrishna

doi:10.5802/crphys.19

Properties of waveguides filled with anisotropic metamaterials
[Propriétés de guides d’ondes constitués d’un métamatériau anisotrope]

Abhinav Bhardwaj ¹ ; Dheeraj Pratap ² ; Mitchell Semple ³ ; Ashwin K. Iyer ³ ; Arun M. Jayannavar ⁴ ; S. Anantha Ramakrishna ^5,⁶

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
² Biomedical Instrumentation Division, CSIR — Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector-30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
³ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G2V4, Canada
⁴ Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya marg, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India
⁵ CSIR — Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector-30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
⁶ Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 21 (2020) no. 7-8, pp. 677-711.

Résumé
Abstract

Les métamatériaux sont des matériaux composites structurés de manière artificielle qui possèdent des propriétés que l’on ne trouve pas à l’état naturel. En général, les propriétés structurelles des métamatériaux sont anisotropes. Un guide d’ondes constitué d’un métamatériau possède des propriétés uniques inatteignables dans des guides d’ondes conventionnels, telles que la propagation d’onde rétrogrades et des modes sous les fréquences de coupure du mode fondamental d’un guide d’ondes conventionnel, une vitesse de groupe nulle etc. Le matériau constituant le guide d’ondes peut être anisotrope avec les éléments (ou des combinaisons d’éléments) des tenseurs de permittivité et perméabilité qui prennent des valeurs positives ou négatives, ce qui donne lieu à une riche variété de phénomènes. Par ailleurs, les modes d’un guide d’ondes cylindrique constitué d’un métamatériau hyperbolique sont décrits par des fonctions de Bessel inhabituelles présentant des ordres complexes. Dans de nombreuses situations, la région siège de la propagation d’ondes est isotrope, et est entourée de métamatériaux anisotropes avec différentes épaisseurs et inversement. Diverses géométries de guides d’ondes en métamatériaux tels que des paires de plaques parallèles, des guides rectangulaires et cylindriques constitués de milieux anisotropes, ainsi que des guides d’ondes à cœur creux avec une gaine en métamatériaux ou des linings ont été démontrés expérimentalement. L’anisotropie peut être uniaxe ou biaxe en fonction de l’orientation de la structure. Nous faisons un état de l’art sur les avancées dans la théorie et les applications des guides d’ondes constitués de métamatériaux avec une structuration sub-longueur d’onde dont les propriétés sont anisotropes ou même hyperboliques sur le spectre électromagnétique. En examinant le comportement du champ dans ce type de guides d’ondes, un lien est établi avec la théorie de la transmission extraordinaire de la lumière à travers des réseaux de trous sub-longueur d’onde dans un écran métallique. Les applications potentielles vont de l’imagerie médicale à résonance magnétique améliorée au bouclier électromagnétique aux fréquences radio en passant par des applications étonnantes en imagerie et au couplage efficace des émissions de petites sources avec des guides d’ondes aux fréquences optiques.

Metamaterials are artificially structured composite materials that show unusual properties not usually available in natural materials. In general, metamaterial structures and properties are anisotropic. A waveguide filled with an anisotropic metamaterial shows unique properties not achievable in conventional waveguides, such as propagation of backward waves and modes below the cut-off frequencies of the conventional fundamental mode, zero group velocity etc. The waveguide filler material can be anisotropic with the tensorial permittivity and permeability components having positive or negative values, and combinations thereof, giving rise to a rich variety of phenomena. Further, modes in a cylindrical waveguide filled with a hyperbolic metamaterial are described by unusual Bessel modes of complex orders. In many situations, the wave propagating region is isotropic, and it is enclosed by anisotropic metamaterials with different thicknesses and contrarily the propagating region is might be anisotropic that is enclosed by isotropic in some other situations. Various metamaterial waveguide geometries like a pair of parallel plates, waveguides with rectangular or cylindrical cross-section filled with anisotropic metamaterials as well as hollow-core waveguides with metamaterial claddings or linings have been demonstrated experimentally. The anisotropy can be uniaxial or biaxial depending on the orientation of structure. Here we review the advances in the theory and applications of waveguides filled with subwavelength structured metamaterials with anisotropic or even hyperbolic properties across the electromagnetic spectrum. By examining the field behaviour in such waveguides, connection is made to the extraordinary transmission of light through arrays of subwavelength sized apertures in a metallic screen. Potential applications range from enhanced MRI imaging and electromagnetic shielding at radio frequencies to intriguing imaging applications and efficient coupling of the emitted radiation from small sources into waveguides at optical frequencies.

Première publication : 2020-11-03
Publié le : 2021-01-19

DOI : 10.5802/crphys.19

Keywords: Metamaterials, Structured waveguides, Anisotropic materials, Hyperbolic dispersion, Split ring resonator, Thin wire media
Mot clés : Métamatériaux, Guides d’ondes structurés, Matériaux anisotropes, Dispersion hyperbolique, Résonateur à anneau fendu, Matériaux en fils métalliques minces

Affiliations des auteurs :

Abhinav Bhardwaj ¹ ; Dheeraj Pratap ² ; Mitchell Semple ³ ; Ashwin K. Iyer ³ ; Arun M. Jayannavar ⁴ ; S. Anantha Ramakrishna ^{5, 6}

Licence :

CC-BY 4.0

Droits d'auteur : Les auteurs conservent leurs droits

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     author = {Abhinav Bhardwaj and Dheeraj Pratap and Mitchell Semple and Ashwin K. Iyer and Arun M. Jayannavar and S. Anantha Ramakrishna},
     title = {Properties of waveguides filled with anisotropic metamaterials},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {677--711},
     publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
     volume = {21},
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     doi = {10.5802/crphys.19},
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Abhinav Bhardwaj; Dheeraj Pratap; Mitchell Semple; Ashwin K. Iyer; Arun M. Jayannavar; S. Anantha Ramakrishna. Properties of waveguides filled with anisotropic metamaterials. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 21 (2020) no. 7-8, pp. 677-711. doi : 10.5802/crphys.19. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.19/

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