Comptes Rendus
Shear-coupled migration of grain boundaries: the key missing link in the mechanical behavior of small-grained metals?
[Migration couplée au cisaillement des joints de grains  : le chaînon manquant dans le comportement mécanique des métaux à petits grains  ?]
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 22 (2021) no. S3, pp. 19-34.

La réduction de la taille des grains est un moyen très efficace de bloquer les mouvements de dislocations et donc d’augmenter la résistance mécanique des métaux et alliages. Non seulement les joints de grains sont des obstacles connus pour les dislocations, mais lorsqu’ils atteignent des dimensions nanométriques, les cristallites deviennent généralement vides de dislocations, ce qui impose une contrainte supplémentaire pour développer la plasticité. Comprendre les mécanismes de déformation basés sur les joints de grains est devenu un enjeu majeur de la métallurgie physique. Ces mécanismes peuvent être multiples, impliquant des processus conservatifs et diffusifs qui sont mal compris. Une première approche qui consiste à transposer aux petites dimensions des mécanismes documentés à grande échelle comme le fluage de Coble, s’est avérée très limitée. Au contraire, la croissance des grains assistée par la contrainte ou la migration des joints de grains couplée au cisaillement, récemment observées dans les matériaux à petits grains à température ambiante, peuvent fournir une clé pour comprendre pleinement la “plasticité sans dislocation” dans les nanocristaux. Comme il s’agit d’un domaine relativement nouveau avec beaucoup plus de degrés de liberté, un effort de recherche continu doit être mené pour relier les propriétés mécaniques des nanocristaux à ces processus de plasticité basés sur les joints de grains.

Grain size reduction is a very efficient way to block dislocation movements and therefore create very strong metals and alloys. Not only grain boundaries are known obstacles for dislocations, but when reaching nanometer dimensions, crystallites usually become dislocation free, which imposes an additional constraint to develop plasticity. A recent effort to understand grain boundaries-based deformation mechanisms has therefore emerged. These mechanisms can be manifold, involving conservative and diffusive processes that are very poorly understood. A first approach consisting in downscaling mechanisms that are documented at large scale such as Coble creep, proved very limited. On the other hand, stress-assisted grain growth or shear-coupled grain boundary migration, that were recently observed in small-grained materials at room or low temperature may provide a crucial step to fully understand dislocation-less plasticity in nanocrystals. As this is a completely new field with many more degrees of freedom, a continuous research effort has to be carried out to link the mechanical properties of nanocrystals to these mechanisms specifically linked to grain boundaries.

Première publication :
Publié le :
DOI : 10.5802/crphys.52
Mots clés : Grain boundaries, Disconnections, plasticity, mechanical behavior
Romain Gautier 1, 2 ; Armin Rajabzadeh 1 ; Melvyn Larranaga 1 ; Nicolas Combe 1 ; Frédéric Mompiou 1 ; Marc Legros 1

1 CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue J. Marvig 31055, Toulouse, France
2 Institut Pprime - CNRS, 2 boulevard des Frères Lumière 86360, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, France
Licence : CC-BY 4.0
Droits d'auteur : Les auteurs conservent leurs droits
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     title = {Shear-coupled migration of grain boundaries: the key missing link in the mechanical behavior of small-grained metals?},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {19--34},
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Romain Gautier; Armin Rajabzadeh; Melvyn Larranaga; Nicolas Combe; Frédéric Mompiou; Marc Legros. Shear-coupled migration of grain boundaries: the key missing link in the mechanical behavior of small-grained metals?. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 22 (2021) no. S3, pp. 19-34. doi : 10.5802/crphys.52. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.52/

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