[Un modèle complet et cohérent de l'évolution du système solaire externe]
Depuis la découverte des planètes extra-solaires, l'étonnante diversité des systèmes planétaires défie les théories sur la formation et l'évolution des planètes. Deux processus sont souvent invoqués pour expliquer les orbites exotiques des exo-planètes : la migration radiale des planètes au sein du disque de gaz primitif, et le passage des orbites planétaires par une phase d'instabilité dynamique. A première vue, ces processus n'ont pas eu lieu ici. Mais, à bien regarder, il y a plusieurs aspects de la structure de notre Système solaire qui ne sont pas compatibles avec le scénario classique dans lequel nos planètes se seraient formées sur place. Cet article décrit un nouveau paradigme de l'évolution du Système solaire externe, tel qu'il découle du « modèle de Nice » et de ses extensions récentes. Ce modèle décrit un Système solaire très « dynamique », dans lequel les planètes géantes ont subi des migrations radiales importantes et une phase d'instabilité globale. Par conséquent, les différences entre notre Système solaire et les autres systèmes planétaires connus ne semblent pas découler d'une différence entre les processus qui ont agi ici ou ailleurs, mais plutôt elles sont dues à l'extrême sensibilité aux conditions initiales et environnementales de la dynamique chaotique des systèmes planétaires en formation.
Since the discovery of the first extra-solar planets, we are confronted with the puzzling diversity of planetary systems. Processes like planet radial migration in gas-disks and planetary orbital instabilities, often invoked to explain the exotic orbits of the extra-solar planets, at first sight do not seem to have played a role in our system. In reality, though, there are several aspects in the structure of our Solar System that cannot be explained in the classic scenario of in-situ formation and smooth evolution of the giant planets. This article outlines a new view of the evolution of the outer Solar System that emerges from the so-called ‘Nice model’ and its recent extensions. The story provided by this model describes a very “dynamical” Solar System, with giant planets affected by both radial migrations and a temporary orbital instability. Thus, the diversity between our system and those found so far around other stars does not seem to be due to different processes that operated here and elsewhere, but rather stems from the strong sensitivity of chaotic evolutions to small differences in the initial and environmental conditions.
Publié le :
Mot clés : Système solaire, Modèle de Nice
@article{CRPHYS_2010__11_9-10_651_0,
author = {Alessandro Morbidelli},
title = {A coherent and comprehensive model of the evolution of the outer {Solar} {System}},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {651--659},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {11},
number = {9-10},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2010.11.001},
language = {en},
}
Alessandro Morbidelli. A coherent and comprehensive model of the evolution of the outer Solar System. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 11 (2010) no. 9-10, pp. 651-659. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2010.11.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2010.11.001/
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