Debris flows: Experiments and modelling

Barbara Turnbull; Elisabeth T. Bowman; Jim N. McElwaine

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2014.11.006

Debris flows: Experiments and modelling
[Les écoulements de débris : Les expériences et la modélisation]

Barbara Turnbull ¹ ; Elisabeth T. Bowman ² ; Jim N. McElwaine ³

¹ Fluid & Particle Processes Group, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
² Dept. Civil & Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
³ Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 16 (2015) no. 1, pp. 86-96.

Résumé
Abstract

Les écoulements et avalanches de débris sont des courants gravitaires complexes de roche, d'eau et de sédiments, qui peuvent être hautement mobiles. Leur composition produit une morphologie riche et une dynamique inhabituelle, possédant des attributs de matériaux granulaires et de courants gravitaires visqueux. Bien que des incidents extrêmes tels que ceux survenus à Kolka Karmadon, en Ossétie du Nord, en 2002 [1], et à Huascarán, en 1970 [2], nous motivent fortement pour comprendre comment une telle mobilité peut être atteinte, des écoulements plus petits et ordinaires, qui sont également à même de menacer les infrastructures et les personnes, doivent être eux aussi confrontés. De récents progrès dans la modélisation de ces écoulements ont produit des modèles multiphases qui peuvent fournir des indices sur les origines de leur phénoménologie unique. Cependant, leurs variations spatiales et temporelles compliquent cette tâche. De ce fait, les expériences en laboratoire, où les conditions initiales et aux limites peuvent être contrôlées de façon reproductible, sont cruciales à la fois pour valider les modèles et pour inspirer de nouvelles approches théoriques. Cet article décrit des expériences récentes sur des écoulements de débris en laboratoire et résume l'état de l'art en matière de modèles numériques.

Debris flows and debris avalanches are complex, gravity-driven currents of rock, water and sediments that can be highly mobile. This combination of component materials leads to a rich morphology and unusual dynamics, exhibiting features of both granular materials and viscous gravity currents. Although extreme events such as those at Kolka Karmadon in North Ossetia (2002) [1] and Huascarán (1970) [2] strongly motivate us to understand how such high levels of mobility can occur, smaller events are ubiquitous and capable of endangering infrastructure and life, requiring mitigation. Recent progress in modelling debris flows has seen the development of multiphase models that can start to provide clues of the origins of the unique phenomenology of debris flows. However, the spatial and temporal variations that debris flows exhibit make this task challenging and laboratory experiments, where boundary and initial conditions can be controlled and reproduced, are crucial both to validate models and to inspire new modelling approaches. This paper discusses recent laboratory experiments on debris flows and the state of the art in numerical models.

Publié le : 2014-12-31

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2014.11.006

Keywords: Debris flows, Debris avalanches, Centrifuge experiments
Mot clés : Écoulements de débris, Avalanches de débris, Expériences en centrifuge

Affiliations des auteurs :

Barbara Turnbull ¹ ; Elisabeth T. Bowman ² ; Jim N. McElwaine ³

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Barbara Turnbull; Elisabeth T. Bowman; Jim N. McElwaine. Debris flows: Experiments and modelling. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 16 (2015) no. 1, pp. 86-96. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2014.11.006. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2014.11.006/

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