Strain localisation in granular media

Jacques Desrues; Edward Andò

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2015.01.001

Strain localisation in granular media
[Localisation de la déformation dans les milieux granulaires]

Jacques Desrues ^1,² ; Edward Andò ^1,²

¹ Université Grenoble Alpes, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France
² CNRS, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Granular physics / Physique des milieux granulaires, Volume 16 (2015) no. 1, pp. 26-36.

Résumé
Abstract

Cet article est une introduction à la physique de la localisation de la déformation dans les milieux granulaires. Il présente les caractéristiques essentielles du phénomène d'émergence et de développement de structures de déformation localisée, qu'on appelle généralement des bandes de cisaillement. Il s'appuie sur l'observation expérimentale de champs de déformation dans des essais mécaniques de laboratoire, à deux échelles d'observation : l'une, macroscopique, à laquelle le milieu granulaire est observé comme un milieu continu, et l'autre, qu'on qualifiera de microscopique sans notion d'unités de mesure, à l'échelle du grain. À l'échelle macroscopique, l'observation continue quantitative par des techniques photogrammétriques révèle l'apparition du phénomène et son développement sous forme de structures à l'échelle de l'échantillon. Même à cette échelle, la taille caractéristique des phénomènes observés se révèle être de quelques grains. À l'échelle microscopique, un suivi exhaustif en 3D de tous les grains d'échantillon de sables soumis au même type d'essais peut désormais être réalisé en utilisant la microtomographie à rayons X, et c'est l'objet de la seconde partie de cet article. Le lien entre l'angularité des grains et leur rotation dans les bandes est montré, ce qui permet d'avancer des explication microscopiques à diverses observations macroscopiques qui ignorent l'aspect discret du milieu. Incidemment, des phénomènes rarement décrits – qui paraissent être des précurseurs de localisation apparaissant bien avant le pic – sont observés et commentés.

This paper discusses strain localisation in granular media by presenting experimental, full-field analysis of mechanical tests on sand, both at a continuum level, as well as at the grain scale. At the continuum level, the development of structures of localised strain can be studied. Even at this scale, the characteristic size of the phenomena observed is in the order of a few grains. In the second part of this paper, therefore, the development of shear bands within specimen of different sands is studied at the level of the individual grains, measuring grains kinematics with x-ray tomography. The link between grain angularity and grain rotation within shear bands is shown, allowing a grain-scale explanation of the difference in macroscopic residual stresses for materials with different grain shapes. Finally, rarely described precursors of localisation, emerging well before the stress peak are observed and commented.

Publié le : 2015-01-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2015.01.001

Keywords: Strain localisation, Granular materials, Triaxial and biaxial tests, X-ray tomography, Full-field measurements, Precursors of localisation
Mots-clés : Localisation de la déformation, Matériaux granulaires, Essais biaxiaux et triaxiaux, Tomographie à rayons X, Mesures de champs, Précurseurs de localisation

Affiliations des auteurs :

Jacques Desrues ^{1, 2} ; Edward Andò ^{1, 2}

¹ Université Grenoble Alpes, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France
² CNRS, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France

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Jacques Desrues; Edward Andò. Strain localisation in granular media. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Granular physics / Physique des milieux granulaires, Volume 16 (2015) no. 1, pp. 26-36. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2015.01.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2015.01.001/

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Khalid A. Alshibli; Maha F. Jarrar; Andrew M. Druckrey; Riyadh I. Al-Raoush Influence of Particle Morphology on 3D Kinematic Behavior and Strain Localization of Sheared Sand, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Volume 143 (2017) no. 2 | DOI:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001601
Hamid Roshan; Hossein Masoumi; Klaus Regenauer-Lieb Frictional behaviour of sandstone: A sample-size dependent triaxial investigation, Journal of Structural Geology, Volume 94 (2017), p. 154 | DOI:10.1016/j.jsg.2016.11.014
A. Bouterf; J. Adrien; E. Maire; X. Brajer; F. Hild; S. Roux Identification of the crushing behavior of brittle foam: From indentation to oedometric tests, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Volume 98 (2017), p. 181 | DOI:10.1016/j.jmps.2016.09.011
T. B. Nguyen; A. Amon Experimental study of shear band formation: Bifurcation and localization, EPL (Europhysics Letters), Volume 116 (2016) no. 2, p. 28007 | DOI:10.1209/0295-5075/116/28007
Giulio Sciarra Phase field modeling of partially saturated deformable porous media, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Volume 94 (2016), p. 230 | DOI:10.1016/j.jmps.2016.04.018
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