[Couplage ultra-fort lumière–matière et superradiance avec un gaz dense d'électrons]
Nous passons en revue la physique de l'interaction entre un gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons et un mode photonique de microcavité. Pour des densités électroniques suffisamment grandes, le système rentre dans le régime de couplage ultra-fort, dans lequel l'énergie de Rabi, qui mesure l'intensité du couplage lumière–matière, est du même ordre de grandeur que l'excitation dans la matière. Le couplage ultra-fort a été démontré expérimentalement en insérant un semiconducteur fortement dopé entre deux couches métalliques, qui forment une cavité avec un confinement très sub-longueur d'onde du champ électromagnétique. À température ambiante, une valeur record (73%) du rapport entre l'énergie de Rabi et celle de l'éxcitation électronique (l'énergie de Rabi relative) a été mesurée, ainsi qu'une large bande interdite photonique induite par l'anticroisement entre les branches polaritoniques. Le couplage ultra-fort est une manifestation de l'existence d'un dipôle coopératif, proportionnel au nombre d'électrons qui participent à l'interaction avec la lumière. Ce très fort couplage apparaît aussi en l'absence d'une microcavité et, dans le cas d'un dipôle couplé à l'espace libre, donne lieu au phénomène de superradiance.
The physics of the interaction between a dense two-dimensional electron gas and a microcavity photonic mode is reviewed. For high electronic densities, this system enters the ultra-strong coupling regime in which the Rabi energy, which measures the strength of the light–matter coupling, is of the same order of magnitude as the matter excitation. The ultra-strong coupling has been experimentally demonstrated by inserting a highly doped semiconductor layer between two metal plates that produce a microcavity, with extreme sub-wavelength confinement of the electromagnetic field. A record value at room temperature (73%) of the ratio between the Rabi and the matter excitation energies (the relative Rabi energy) has been measured together with a very large photonic gap induced by the polariton splitting. The ultra-strong coupling is a manifestation of a huge cooperative dipole, which is proportional to the number of electrons participating in the interaction. Such a phenomenal interaction with light appears also in the absence of a microcavity and, for a dipole coupled with free space, it gives rise to superradiance.
Mots-clés : Polariton, Plasmon, Puits quantiques de semiconducteur, Interaction lumière–matière, Superradiance, Microcavités patch
Angela Vasanelli 1 ; Yanko Todorov 1 ; Carlo Sirtori 1
@article{CRPHYS_2016__17_8_861_0,
author = {Angela Vasanelli and Yanko Todorov and Carlo Sirtori},
title = {Ultra-strong light{\textendash}matter coupling and superradiance using dense electron gases},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {861--873},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Angela Vasanelli AU - Yanko Todorov AU - Carlo Sirtori TI - Ultra-strong light–matter coupling and superradiance using dense electron gases JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2016 SP - 861 EP - 873 VL - 17 IS - 8 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2016__17_8_861_0 ER -
Angela Vasanelli; Yanko Todorov; Carlo Sirtori. Ultra-strong light–matter coupling and superradiance using dense electron gases. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Polariton physics / Physique des polaritons, Volume 17 (2016) no. 8, pp. 861-873. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001/
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