Ultra-strong light–matter coupling and superradiance using dense electron gases

Angela Vasanelli; Yanko Todorov; Carlo Sirtori

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001

Ultra-strong light–matter coupling and superradiance using dense electron gases
[Couplage ultra-fort lumière–matière et superradiance avec un gaz dense d'électrons]

Angela Vasanelli ¹ ; Yanko Todorov ¹ ; Carlo Sirtori ¹

¹ Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire “Matériaux et phénomènes quantiques”, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 17 (2016) no. 8, pp. 861-873.

Résumé
Abstract

Nous passons en revue la physique de l'interaction entre un gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons et un mode photonique de microcavité. Pour des densités électroniques suffisamment grandes, le système rentre dans le régime de couplage ultra-fort, dans lequel l'énergie de Rabi, qui mesure l'intensité du couplage lumière–matière, est du même ordre de grandeur que l'excitation dans la matière. Le couplage ultra-fort a été démontré expérimentalement en insérant un semiconducteur fortement dopé entre deux couches métalliques, qui forment une cavité avec un confinement très sub-longueur d'onde du champ électromagnétique. À température ambiante, une valeur record (73%) du rapport entre l'énergie de Rabi et celle de l'éxcitation électronique (l'énergie de Rabi relative) a été mesurée, ainsi qu'une large bande interdite photonique induite par l'anticroisement entre les branches polaritoniques. Le couplage ultra-fort est une manifestation de l'existence d'un dipôle coopératif, proportionnel au nombre d'électrons qui participent à l'interaction avec la lumière. Ce très fort couplage apparaît aussi en l'absence d'une microcavité et, dans le cas d'un dipôle couplé à l'espace libre, donne lieu au phénomène de superradiance.

The physics of the interaction between a dense two-dimensional electron gas and a microcavity photonic mode is reviewed. For high electronic densities, this system enters the ultra-strong coupling regime in which the Rabi energy, which measures the strength of the light–matter coupling, is of the same order of magnitude as the matter excitation. The ultra-strong coupling has been experimentally demonstrated by inserting a highly doped semiconductor layer between two metal plates that produce a microcavity, with extreme sub-wavelength confinement of the electromagnetic field. A record value at room temperature (73%) of the ratio between the Rabi and the matter excitation energies (the relative Rabi energy) has been measured together with a very large photonic gap induced by the polariton splitting. The ultra-strong coupling is a manifestation of a huge cooperative dipole, which is proportional to the number of electrons participating in the interaction. Such a phenomenal interaction with light appears also in the absence of a microcavity and, for a dipole coupled with free space, it gives rise to superradiance.

Publié le : 2016-05-31

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001

Keywords: Polariton, Plasmon, Semiconductor quantum well, Light–matter interaction, Superradiance, Patch microcavities
Mot clés : Polariton, Plasmon, Puits quantiques de semiconducteur, Interaction lumière–matière, Superradiance, Microcavités patch

Affiliations des auteurs :

Angela Vasanelli ¹ ; Yanko Todorov ¹ ; Carlo Sirtori ¹

¹ Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire “Matériaux et phénomènes quantiques”, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France

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     title = {Ultra-strong light{\textendash}matter coupling and superradiance using dense electron gases},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {861--873},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
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     doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001},
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Angela Vasanelli; Yanko Todorov; Carlo Sirtori. Ultra-strong light–matter coupling and superradiance using dense electron gases. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 17 (2016) no. 8, pp. 861-873. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2016.05.001/

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