[Quelques étrangetés sur les propriétés mécaniques du verre]
Les verres et les cristaux issus du même système chimique partagent généralement la même force de liaison interatomique. Néanmoins, ils diffèrent par l’arrangement des liaisons dans l’espace, ce qui donne lieu à des efficacités d’empaquetage atomique différentes. Nous montrons dans cette étude qu’en ce qui concerne les modules élastiques et la dureté, la densité d’empilement atomique prédomine sur la force de liaison. Le module de cisaillement des phases cristallines est généralement beaucoup plus élevé que celui des verres ayant la même composition stœchiométrique, grâce à un empilement plus efficace des atomes dans les premières. En revanche, l’augmentation de la dureté est assez limitée, probablement en raison de la contribution supplémentaire de l’activité des dislocations aux processus de déformation sous l’indenteur dans le cas des cristaux (plasticité de cisaillement). Nous montrons également que l’apparition d’hétérogénéités chimiques (canaux faibles) à l’échelle mésoscopique dans les verres, qui est souvent associée à l’absence d’ordonnancement atomique à longue portée, favorise les chemins de rupture facile et est responsable de la faible ténacité et de la faible énergie de surface de rupture.
Glasses and crystals from the same chemical system mostly share the same interatomic bond strength. Nevertheless, they differ by the arrangement of bonds in space, which gives birth to different atomic packing efficiencies. We show in this review that as far as the elastic moduli and hardness are concerned, the atomic packing density predominates over the bond strength. The shear modulus of crystalline phases is usually much larger than the one of glasses with the same stoichiometric composition, thanks to a more efficient packing of atoms in the former. In contrast, the increase in hardness is quite limited, likely because of the additional contribution of dislocation activity to the deformation processes beneath the indenter in the case of crystals (shear plasticity). We also show that the occurrence of chemical heterogeneities (weak channels) at the mesoscopic scale in glasses, which is often associated with the lack of long range atomic ordering, promotes easy fracture paths and is responsible for the low toughness and fracture surface energy.
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Mot clés : verre, propriétés mécaniques, élasticité, dureté, résistance à la rupture
CC-BY 4.0
@article{CRPHYS_2023__24_S1_99_0,
author = {Tanguy Rouxel},
title = {Some strange things about the mechanical properties of glass},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {99--112},
publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
volume = {24},
number = {S1},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.5802/crphys.126},
language = {en},
}
Tanguy Rouxel. Some strange things about the mechanical properties of glass. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 24 (2023) no. S1, pp. 99-112. doi : 10.5802/crphys.126. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.126/
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